Topic: geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
1. Examine the various factors affecting the Indian monsoons. How climate change is changing the Indian monsoon? (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Economic Times
Why the question:
India is likely to get average monsoon rains this year, a private weather forecasting agency said on Tuesday, raising prospects of higher farm and economic growth in Asia’s third-biggest economy.
Key Demand of the question:
Bring out the seasonal variations in the monsoon and to analyse the impact of climate change on monsoon.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by introducing Indian monsoon and its importance briefly.
Body:
Start by briefly mentioning about mechanism of the monsoon and the reasons for fluctuations in Indian monsoon according to the seasons. Divide the answer in to various months and how monsoon varies with it. Use a diagram to explain it more systematically. Do include the Western Disturbances, Somali Jet Streams, Easterly Jet streams etc.
In the next part, write about the impact of climate change – both monsoon deficit and too much monsoon in counterproductive in the Indian scenario. Mention the drawbacks of the too much surplus in monsoon such as floods, crop damage, increased pest infestation and disease, low outputs etc with supporting examples. Also, include the indirect costs incurred such as increased imports and reduced exports.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward to deal with climate change impact and mitigate it.
