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General Studies – 1
Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: the Hindu
Why the question: The theme of this year’s World Water Day was ‘Groundwater: Making the Invisible Visible’. The primary focus is to draw attention to the role of groundwater in water and sanitation systems, agriculture, industry, ecosystems, and climate change adaptation.
Key Demand of the question: To write importance of ground water, the limitations in the present approach of its utilisation and changes required to it.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by writing about the importance of groundwater.
Body:
First, write about the issues in the present approach towards utilisation of ground water – Overexploitation of groundwater and intensive irrigation in major canal commands has posed serious problems for groundwater managers in India. Depletion of water tables, saltwater encroachment, drying of aquifers, groundwater pollution, water logging and salinity, etc. are major consequences of overexploitation and intensive irrigation.
Next, write about the changes that are needed to be taken in the new approach in order to ensure sustainable use of groundwater.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: the Hindu
Why the question: Over the last several months, arguments challenging the constitutionality of the marital rape exception in Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) had gripped the Delhi High Court. While the judgment in those petitions is still awaited, in one clean swoop Justice M. Nagaprasanna of the Karnataka High Court on March 23, 2022, in the case of Hrishikesh Sahoo vs State of Karnataka, pronounced the end of the marital rape exception.
Key Demand of the question: To write about the need to criminalise marital rape in India.
Directive word:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by giving context regarding criminalisation of marital rape.
Body:
First, mention the need to criminalise marital rape – against right to dignity under Article 21, Gender violence, against article 14, marital rape has adverse and long-term consequences on women’s health and well-being etc.
Next, write about the factors which creates obstacles for criminalisation of marital rape.
Suggest reforms to overcome the above issues.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question: In what is clearly a nod to the vociferous demand for the repeal of the unpopular Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) from several States in the northeast, especially after 13 civilians were killed in Mon district in Nagaland in December last year, the Union Home Ministry has decided to considerably reduce the number of “disturbed areas” under the Act in three States.
Key Demand of the question: To write about the reasons to repeal AFSPA completely and steps needed to achieve it.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by giving context regarding relaxation of AFSPA.
Body:
First, write about the reasons as to why AFSPA considered draconian – AFSPA allows civilian authorities to call on the armed forces, de facto immunity from prosecution, AFSPA has uncanny similarities with emergencies and effectively suspends fundamental freedoms etc.
Next, write about the steps that are needed to restore normal law and order mechanism in disturbed areas.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: InstaPedia
Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question: To write about the potential of food processing in driving rural economy and linking it with consumer and industry.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving statistic regarding the extend of food processing industry in India is
Body:
First, write about the scope of food processing in India – A well-developed food processing industry is expected to increase farm gate prices, reduce wastages, ensure value addition, promote crop diversification, generate employment opportunities as well as export earnings.
Next, write about various bottlenecks faced by the industry and the steps that are needed to ensure its growth.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic:Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: InstaPedia
Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question: To write about the reasons for agrarian distress and to suggest measures to overcome them.
Introduction:
Start by giving statistic regarding role of agriculture in India’s economy.
Body:
In the first part, explain the reasons for agricultural distress – unviable agriculture, ineffective Minimum Support Prices (MSP) system, adverse terms of trade, rural indebtedness and inefficient value chain in agriculture.
Next, suggest measures to overcome the above – Invigorating Procurement operation in major crops, Strengthen Forward Markets, Widening Crop Insurance, Integrating Agricultural Markets and Promoting Smart farming etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc..
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question: The switch from a single to a two-part tariff structure for renewables has to be made right now as we are at the cusp of ramping up our renewable generation and it takes time for matters to get streamlined as we have seen in the past.
Key Demand of the question: To write about the steps to make solar and wind power tariff competitive.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by giving the extent of solar and wind power in India and further potential in India.
Body:
First, Write about the existing tariff structure in brief.
Next, mention as to how tariff competitiveness affects solar and wind power – profitability, investment potential, adoption and losses mitigation.
Next, write about the steps that are needed to ensure tariff competitiveness in solar and wind power.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance
Difficulty level: Easy
Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Philosophical Mondays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.
Key Demand of the question: To write about the ways to strengthen moral character among civil servants.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining moral character.
Body:
With examples, write ways to strengthen moral characters in civil servants – training, creating a value system, rewards and punishment etc.
Conclusion:
Mention the importance of having civil servants of high moral character in administration.
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