DAY – 8 (InstaTest-8): Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2022: Topic – Geography, Subject-wise Test 20, Textbook-wise Revision of Tests 4,5 & 6 and June 2021 CA

Solution: a

Justification: It is found in Aravali Mountains, two-thirds of the Deccan peninsula and some parts of north east. 

These rocks have abundant metallic and non-metallic minerals such as iron, copper, manganese, bauxite, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tin, tungsten, mica, asbestos, graphite, etc.

These are the oldest followed by Dharwar rocks. Tertiary rocks are the youngest. 

Picture: Archean formations

Q Source: Based on UPSC papers

Solution : d

Learning: Iron: India has deposits of high grade iron ore. The mineral is found mainly in Jharkhand, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Maharashtra and Karnataka.

Bauxite: Major bauxite producing areas are Jharkhand, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu

Mica: Mica deposits mainly occur in Jharkhand, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan. India is the largest producer and exporter of mica in the world.

Copper: It is mainly produced in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

Q Source: Basics: resource distribution 

Solution : c 

Justification: Statement 1:  Iron-ore in north Sweden, copper and nickel deposits in Ontario, Canada, iron, nickel, chromites and platinum in South Africa are examples of minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Statement 2: Limestone deposits of Caucasus region of France, manganese deposits of Georgia and Ukraine and phosphate beds of Algeria are some examples. Mineral fuels such as coal and petroleum are also found in the sedimentary rocks. 

Q Source: AR: Page 26: Class 8th NCERT: Resource and Development 

Solution : d

Learning:  According to current estimates, more than 80% of the world’s proven crude oil reserves are located in OPEC Member Countries, with the bulk of OPEC oil reserves in the middle east, amounting to 65% of the OPEC total.

Q Source: AR: Page 28: Class 8th NCERT: Resource and Development

Solution : a

Justification: Statement 1:  Coal is a bulky material, which loses weight on use as it is reduced to ash. So, it is not profitable for companies to transport coal to long distances as a lot of coal content is not useful. Locating near the coalfields saves on such costs. So, 1 is correct. 

Statement 2:  Coal in India is found in Gondawana deposits in the Eastern belt, and Tertiary belts in North-east. The tertiary belt is not restricted to river beds. 

Q Source: Page 59-60: Xth Geography NCERT: Contemporary India – II 

Solution : d

Culturable waste land is left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years.

It is a category of uncultivable land. Hence, option (d) is correct.

Solution: b

Khillari is drought cattle breed originated from Sholapur and Sitapur districts of Maharashtra. Hence, pair 1 is incorrectly matched. 

Amritmahal is drought cattle breed originated in Hassan, Chikmagalur and Chitradurga district of Karnataka. Hence, pair 2 is incorrectly matched.

Kangayam is drought cattle breed originated in Kangayam, Dharapuram, Perundurai, Erode, Bhavani and part of Gobichettipalayam taluk of Erode and Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu. Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched.

http://www.agritech.tnau.ac.in/expert_system/cattlebuffalo/Breeds%20of%20cattle%20&%20baffalo.html

Solution: b

Coal is a one of the important minerals which is mainly used in the generation of thermal power and smelting of iron ore. Coal occurs in rock sequences mainly of two geological ages, namely Gondwana and tertiary deposits.

About 80 per cent of the coal deposits in India is of bituminous type and is of non-coking grade. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Jharia Coalfield is a large coal field located in the east of India in Jharia,  Jharkhand. Jharia is the largest coal field followed by Raniganj. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Besides, the brown coal or lignite occur in the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu (Nyveli), Puducherry, Gujarat and Jammu and Kashmir. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Solution: b

Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

Urban centre with population of more than one lakh is called a city or class I town. Cities accommodating population size between one to five million are called metropolitan cities. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Solution: b

Golconda in Telangana and Panna in Madhya Pradesh are diamond producing regions in India. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

Khetri Nagar, well known for its Copper Project, was built by and is under the control of Hindustan Copper Limited, a public sector undertaking under the Government of India. Khetri Nagar is also very well-known with name of ‘Copper’. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Bailadila Range of Chhattisgarh is known for the production of high grade iron ores. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Solution: d

Haryana has the lowest sex (879) amongst all Indian states. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

Bihar is the most densely populated state (1106) amongst all Indian states. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Kerala has the highest female literacy rate (92.07) amongst all Indian states. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Solution: d

BALCO has its operations at Korba in the state of Chhattisgarh with a smelter capacity of 570 ktpa with capabilities to produce ingots, Alloy ingots, wire-rods, busbars and rolled products. Hence, pair 1 is incorrectly matched.

Rourkela Steel Plant, in Rourkela, Odisha is the first integrated steel plant in the public sector in India. It was set up with West German collaboration with an installed capacity of 1 million tonnes in the 1960s. It is operated by Steel Authority of India. Hence, pair 2 is incorrectly matched.

Durgapur Steel Plant is one of the integrated steel plants of Steel Authority of India Limited, located in Durgapur, in the eastern Indian state of West Bengal. It was set up with the help of United Kingdom. Hence, pair 3 is incorrectly matched.

Solution: b

The Moist deciduous forests are more pronounced in the regions which record rainfall between 100-200 cm. These forests are found in the northeastern states along the foothills of Himalayas, eastern slopes of the Western Ghats and Odisha. Teak, sal, shisham, hurra,mahua, amla, semul, kusum, and sandalwood etc. are the main species of these forests.

Dry deciduous forest covers vast areas of the country, where rainfall ranges between70 -100 cm. On the wetter margins, it has a transition to the moist deciduous, while on the drier margins to thorn forests. These forests are found in rainier areas of the Peninsula and the plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. In the higher rainfall regions of the Peninsular plateau and the northern Indian plain, these forests have a parkland landscape with open stretches in which teak and other trees interspersed with patches of grass are common. As the dry season begins, the trees shed their leaves completely and the forest appears like a vast grassland with naked trees all around. Tendu, palas, amaltas, bel, khair, axlewood, etc. are the common trees of these forests. In the western and southern part of Rajasthan, vegetation cover is very scanty due to low rainfall and overgrazing.

Solution: d

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands have a tropical rainforest canopy, made of a mixed flora with elements from Indian, Myanmar, Malaysian and endemic floral strains. So far, about 2,200 varieties of plants have been recorded, out of which 200 are endemic and 1,300 do not occur in mainland India. 

The South Andaman forests have a profuse growth of epiphytic vegetation, mostly ferns, and orchids. The Middle Andamans harbours mostly moist deciduous forests. North Andamans is characterized by the wet evergreen type, with plenty of woody climbers. The North Nicobar Islands (including Car Nicobar and Battimalv) are marked by the complete absence of evergreen forests, while such forests form the dominant vegetation in the central and southern islands of the Nicobar group. Grasslands occur only in the Nicobars, and while deciduous forests are common in the Andamans, they are almost absent in the Nicobars. The present forest coverage is claimed to be 86.2% of the total land area. 

This a typical forest coverage is made up of different types, namely: 

1. Evergreen forest
2. Tropical evergreen forest
3. Semi-evergreen forest
4. Moist deciduous forest
5. Littoral forest
6. Mangrove forest
7. Brackish water mixed forest
8. Submontane forest

Solution: d

Tropical Evergreen forests are found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of the northeastern region and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. They are found in warm and humid areas with an annual precipitation of over 200 cm and mean annual temperature above 22oC. Tropical evergreen forests are well stratified, with layers closer to the ground and are covered with shrubs and creepers, with short structured trees followed by tall variety of trees.

In these forests, trees reach great heights up to 60 m or above. There is no definite time for trees to shed their leaves, flowering and fruition. As such these forests appear green all the year round. Species found in these forests include rosewood, mahogony, aini, ebony, etc.

Solution: d

India has 13 major ports and 205 notified minor and intermediate ports.

Solution : d

Abbreviated as Incremental Capital Output Ratio, ICOR is a tool that signifies the relation between the investment level made in the Economy and the resultant increase in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It also explains the added capital unit or investment required to manufacture an extra output unit..
Overall, a higher ICOR value is not preferred because it indicates that the entity’s production is inefficient. The measure is used predominantly in determining a country’s level of production efficiency.

Solution: b

Agni-P is a two-stage canisterised solid propellant missile with dual redundant navigation and guidance system.

It has a range of up to 2000 km. 

It is a canisterised surface-to-surface ballistic missile.

Solution : b

Services e-Health Assistance and Teleconsultation (SeHAT) is the tri-services teleconsultation service of the Ministry of Defense designed for all entitled personnel and their families

SeHAT stay home OPD is a patient-to-doctor system where the patient can consult a doctor remotely through the internet using his Smartphone, laptop, Desktop or Tablet

Solution : b

What is NIDHI program?

Department of Science & Technology has launched a NIDHI program (National Initiative for Developing and Harnessing Innovations) under which programmes for setting up of incubators, seed fund, accelerators and ‘Proof of concept’ grant for innovators and entrepreneurs have been launched.

NIDHI stands for National Initiative for Development and Harnessing Innovations commenced in 2016. It is introduced by the Department of Science and Technology as an umbrella program for nourishing innovative ideas and transforming them into successful startups.

Solution : c

A non-fungible token (NFT) is a non-interchangeable unit of data stored on a blockchain, a form of digital ledger, that can be sold and traded. Types of NFT data units may be associated with digital files such as photos, videos, and audio. Because each token is uniquely identifiable, NFTs differ from blockchain cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin.

NFT ledgers claim to provide a public certificate of authenticity or proof of ownership, but the legal rights conveyed by an NFT can be uncertain. NFTs do not restrict the sharing or copying of the underlying digital files, do not necessarily convey the copyright of the digital files, and do not prevent the creation of NFTs with identical associated files.

NFTs have been used as a speculative asset, and they have drawn increasing criticism for the energy cost and carbon footprint associated with validating blockchain transactions as well as their frequent use in art scams.The NFT market has been compared to a Ponzi scheme.

Anything that can be converted into a digital form can be an NFT. Everything from your drawings, photos, videos, GIF, music, in-game items, selfies, and even a tweet can be turned into an NFT, which can then be traded online using cryptocurrency.

Solution : c

Dark matter, though never detected, is believed to be present in the entire universe, its existence presumed because a number of observable celestial phenomena could not be possible if the universe did not have much more matter in it than is seen. It is believed to make up more than 95% of all the universe. Its gravitational force prevents stars in our Milky Way from flying apart. Called dark matter- Because unlike normal matter (i.e. stars and galaxies), dark matter does not interact with the electromagnetic force.

More is unknown than is known. We know how much dark energy there is because we know how it affects the universe’s expansion. Other than that, it is a complete mystery. But it is an important mystery. It turns out that roughly 68% of the universe is dark energy. Dark matter makes up about 27%. The rest – everything on Earth, everything ever observed with all of our instruments, all normal matter – adds up to less than 5% of the universe. Come to think of it, maybe it shouldn’t be called “normal” matter at all, since it is such a small fraction of the universe.

Solution : d

Recently, 2020 Democracy Index’s global ranking was released by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU).

Norway topped the Democracy Index with Iceland, Sweden, New Zealand and Canada making up the top five. India slipped two places to the 53rd position in the 2020 Democracy Index’s global ranking. The report said that “democratic backsliding” by authorities and “crackdowns” on civil liberties has led to a further decline in the country’s ranking. 

Solution : c

Fit for 55 is the European Union plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030.The package was proposed in July 2021 by the European Commission. Under an accelerated legislative process, the plans may become law in 2022. Measures include additional support for clean transport, renewables, and a tariff called the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on emissions for high-carbon imports from countries lacking sufficient greenhouse gas reduction measures of their own. It proposes to extend the Emissions Trading Scheme to transport and heat. Compared to the net-zero scenario from the International Energy Agency, the plan contains more measures to ensure that energy remains affordable.

Solution : d

Solution: Pegasus is spyware developed by the Israeli cyber-arms company NSO Group that can be covertly installed on mobile phones (and other devices) running most versions of iOS and Android.

Pegasus is able to exploit iOS versions up to 14.6, through a zero-click exploit.As of 2022, Pegasus was capable of reading text messages, tracking calls, collecting passwords, location tracking, accessing the target device’s microphone and camera, and harvesting information from apps.

The spyware is named after Pegasus, the winged horse of Greek mythology. It is a Trojan horse computer virus that can be sent “flying through the air” to infect cell phones.

It is sold by NSO group to governments and cannot be bought online by anyone.

Solution : a

LCM of (6 ,9, 12)= 36

So, number is the form of 36p + 4.

Since, the required number is in between 300 and 400

∴P=  9 and 10

∴ Required sum = 328+ 364= 692

Solution: c

In the given options, only 372 is not divisible by 24

Therefore, LCM of numbers cannot be 372

Solution : c

We know that, (x- y)is a factor of x10 – y10

and (x + y)is a factor of x10 – y10 

Hence, Statements and Iv are true.

Solution: d

HCF of 18 and 15=

LCM of 18 and 15=2 x 3x3x5= 90
∴Product of HCF and LCM of both numbers = 3 x 90 = 270

 Solution : a

Message conveyed by the passage – Our increasing demand for foods sourced from animals puts a greater burden on our natural resources.