[MISSION 2022] Insights SECURE 2022 : Daily UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice: 25 March 2022

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General Studies – 1

Topic:  urbanization, their problems and their remedies.

1. Solid waste management (SWM) in urban areas faces significant challenges associated with waste collection, transportation, treatment and disposal. Analyse. Suggest remedies to overcome these challenges. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: the Hindu 

Why the question: Only 12% of the villages that were supposed to get infrastructure for liquid waste management this year have achieved their goal under the second phase of the Swacch Bharat Mission, according to the parliamentary standing committee report on water resources presented in the Lok Sabha on Wednesday.

Key Demand of the question: To write about challenges associated with Solid waste management (SWM) and remedies for the issue.

Directive word: 

Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin the answer by defining Solid waste management.

Body:

First, explain the challenges pertaining to SWM in India – infrastructure, sanitation, manual scavenging, lack of disposal, pollution etc.

Next, write about various ways to tackle it – leveraging Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) 2.0, periodic data collection on waste generation, strict segregation at source, improving waste collection efficiency and exploring Waste to Energy options.

Conclusion:

Conclude by writing a way forward.

General Studies – 2

Topic: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary

2. Judicial transparency is particularly important in judicial institutions because it fosters and promotes greater judicial independence and boosts public confidence. Elaborate. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: the Hindu

Why the question: In refusing to entertain ‘sealed covers’ submitted by the government or its agencies, the Supreme Court has made a noteworthy and welcome shift away from this unedifying practice.

Key Demand of the question: To write about the importance of judicial transparency and its impact.

Directive word: 

Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Give a defining transparency in judicial institutions

Body:

Mention the advantages of transparency in judicial proceedings – accountability, combats corruption, and aids in eliminating arbitrariness. Public information can improve the level of trust and legitimacy of judges and others working in the justice system, allowing society to better understand its operation, challenges, and limitations.

Conclusion:

Conclude by writing that judicial transparency reassures justice.

Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.

3. Russo-Indian relations have been historically stable. But in light of recent developments—including India’s closer ties with the United States and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine—India’s ability to deftly balance Moscow with the West may be tested like never before. Critically analyse. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: The Hindu

Why the question: Russia’s war on Ukraine has decisively shaped international opinion. Indian foreign policy is also going to be affected in a profound manner. The most important question facing Indian diplomacy is how to navigate India’s great power relations in the future.

Key Demand of the question: To write about the need to have a change in India-Russia dynamic relations due to recent geopolitical developments.

Directive word: 

Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Introduction: 

Begin by giving context of ‘all weather’ friendship between India and Russia.

Body:

In the first part, Highlight the strength of the relationship – Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership, cold war era friendship, the long history, defence partnership, nuclear power plants etc.

Next, bring out the issues in the relationship by dividing them into geopolitical, geostrategic and at bilateral level – Ukraine Issue, Russia-Pakistan, Russia-China, and USA-India, Changes in Afghanistan and issues emanating from them.

Discuss how should India and Russia navigate the tides moving forward.

Conclusion:

Conclude by commenting on their current nature of evergreen friendship.

Topic: Issues relating to poverty and hunger.

4. Despite various interventions to tackle hunger in the country, the issue continues to be persistent sore in the nation’s food security, undermining its developmental goals. Comment. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: IndianExpress

Why the question: The Right to Food Campaign and associated organisations had conducted the first Hunger Watch survey (HW-I). Covering close to 4,000 people in 11 states, the survey highlighted the extent of widespread hunger and a deterioration in the quality of diets compared to the pre-pandemic period.

Key Demand of the question: To write about the reasons for lingering hunger in the country, despite various measures and suggest reforms to rectify it.

Directive word:

Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin by giving the statistic about the widespread nature of hunger and food insecurity in the country.

Body:

First, Explain the various schemes and measures aimed towards elimination hunger in India – National Food Security mission, Poshan abhiyaan and Antyodaya Anna Yojana etc.

Next, write about the causes for limitations in the above efforts– disruption in food systems, dried-up income sources, job losses and consequent financial hardships etc. Bring outs it impact.

Next suggest reforms that are needed to overcome the above.

Conclusion:

Conclude by writing a way forward.

Topic: Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.

5. Why are the Cooperatives significant in India? Enumerate the reasons for the success of cooperative movement in India. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: IndianExpress

Why the question: Highlighting that ‘Cooperative Societies’ is a State subject under the Constitution, a parliamentary standing committee has advised the newly created Cooperation Ministry, which is headed by Amit Shah, to “exercise utmost prudence” in chalking out activities and programmes at the national level so that federal features of the country are not “impinged upon”.

Key Demand of the question: To write about the importance of cooperatives and reasons for its success in India.

Directive word:

Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin by giving the aims and objectives of cooperatives and their origin.

 

Body:

First, write about the significance of cooperatives – Mention the role of Cooperatives in linking the local business men/ farmer to the mainstream multi-million marketplace, giving the right forum to reap benefits of collective demand and supply in terms of financing, local level policy negotiations etc and promoting economic and social upliftment. Cite examples to substantiate.

Next, write about the reasons for success of cooperative movement – Economic growth and the increase in disposable incomes have played an important role in the growth of cooperatives in India. micro level implementation, good execution of policies and procedures etc.

Conclusion:

Conclude by stating that the Co-operative model can be emulated in various other sectors with a push from the government for boosting the economy of our country.

General Studies – 3

Topic: Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.

6. For India, though the multilateral trading system embodied by the WTO provides security and predictability. India has had a chequered relationship with the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Examine. Suggest reforms that needs to be undertaken in the WTO. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: Insightsonindia

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.

Key Demand of the question: To write about the reforms that are needed in the WTO.

Directive word:

Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin by giving the aims and objectives of WTO.

Body:

First, Explain the factors that have led to India’s chequered relationship with the World Trade Organisation (WTO). – impasse over the Doha Round, deglobalisation bring out the opposition of USA under Trump, lack of any significant achievement even two decades, the rising number of bilateral and multilateral treaties etc.

Next suggest reforms that are needed to overcome the above – Appellate body reform, clarity on Special and differential treatment and Sustainable Development Goal-oriented trade negotiation etc.

Conclusion:

Conclude by writing a way forward.

Topic: Case study

7. Suppose you are an officer in-charge of implementing a social service scheme to provide support to old and destitute women. An old and illiterate woman comes to you to avail the benefits of the scheme. However, she has no documents to show that she fulfils the eligibility criteria. But after meeting her and listening to her you feel that she certainly needs support. Your enquirers also show that she is really destitute and living in a pitiable condition. You are in a dilemma as to what to do. Putting her under the scheme without necessary documents would clearly be violation of rules. But denying her the support would be cruel and inhuman.

a) Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?

b) Give your reasons for it. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Case Study Fridays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Start with giving the facts of the case and the mentioning the dilemma in the case

Body:

First, enumerate the various rational course of actions that could be taken by you as the officer in the above case.

Next, state reasons for the actions taken by you. Justify them with help of ethical theories, moral thinkers and SC judgements in similar case

Conclusion:

Conclude by summarising about the course of action you will take In the above case.

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