Criminal justice reforms:

GS Paper 2:

Topics Covered: Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.

Criminal justice reforms:

Context:

Aiming to make comprehensive changes in criminal laws, the government has initiated the process of amendment to laws such as Indian Penal Code, the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Indian Evidence Act in consultation with all stakeholders.

Suggestions invited:

The Ministry of Home Affairs has sought suggestions from Governors, Chief Ministers, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators of Union Territories, Chief Justice of India, Chief Justices of various High Courts, Bar Council of India, Bar Council of various States, various universities, law institutes and all MPs regarding comprehensive amendments in criminal laws.

Current concerns/challenges:

1. The delay in disposal of cases was leading to human rights violations of the under-trials and convicts.
2. Despite the Supreme Court’s directions on police reforms, there had been hardly any changes on the ground.
3. Court orders convicting a person are also taking years to implement.

Suggested Reforms:

• Special laws and fast-track courts could replace certain offences under the Indian Penal Code in order to reduce the piling up of cases at every police station.
• Digitisation of documents would help in speeding up investigations and trials.
• The construction of new offences and reworking of the existing classification of offences must be guided by the principles of criminal jurisprudence which have substantially altered in the past four decades.
• The classification of offences must be done in a manner conducive to management of crimes in the future.
• The discretion of judges in deciding the quantum and nature of sentence differently for crimes of the same nature should be based on principles of judicial precedent.

Criminal law in India:

The Criminal law in India is contained in a number of sources – The Indian Penal Code of 1860, the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 and the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989.

• Criminal Justice System can impose penalties on those who violate the established laws.
• The criminal law and criminal procedure are in the concurrent list of the seventh schedule of the constitution.
• Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay is said to be the chief architect of codifications of criminal laws in India.

Need for reforms:

1. Colonial era laws.
2. ineffectiveness.
3. Pendency of cases.
4. Huge undertrials.

Committee For Reform In Criminal Law:

• The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has constituted a national level committee for reform in criminal law.
• The committee has been constituted under Ranbir Singh and several other members.
• The committee would be gathering opinions online by consulting with experts and collating material for their report to the government.

Previous committees:

Madhav Menon Committee: It submitted its report in 2007, suggesting various recommendations on reforms in the Criminal Justice System of India (CJSI).

Malimath Committee Report: It submitted its report in 2003 on the Criminal Justice System of India (CJSI).

Insta Curious:

Read about the 2006 Supreme Court ruling on police reforms here.

InstaLinks:

Prelims Link:

1. Malimath Committee is associated with?
2. Criminal law under 7th schedule of the constitution.
3. Who codified criminal laws in India?
4. Controversial IPC laws.
5. Ranbir Singh Committee was recently constituted for?

Mains Link:

Write a note on criminal justice reforms in India.

Sources: the Hindu.