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General Studies – 1
Topic: Geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth
Why the question: The United Nations advocated finding ways to unlock the potential of groundwater in providing water security, in its latest edition of the United Nations World Water Development Report. The intergovernmental organisation called for governments to build sustainable models to harness the potential of groundwater.
Key Demand of the question: To write about the various issues with respect to ground water in India and to suggest steps overcome them.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by giving statistic regarding the status of groundwater utilisation in India.
Body:
Frist, write about various issues regarding groundwater in India Depletion of water tables, saltwater encroachment, drying of aquifers, groundwater pollution, water logging and salinity, etc. are major consequences of overexploitation and intensive irrigation. Substantiate with examples and facts
Next, write about the measures that are needed to promote sustainable utilisation and management of ground water.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: the Quint
Why the question: Developing countries’ contribution is 97% of all unsafe abortions. More than half of them occur in Asia.
Key Demand of the question: To write about the continued menace of unsafe abortions despite various measures to promote safe and legal abortions.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving statistic with regards to abortions in India.
Body:
First, mention the features of Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act 2021 expands the access to safe and legal abortion.
Next, write about the various factors as to why the practise of illegal and unsafe abortions continues in the county – lack of awareness, discrimination, stigma, lack of counselling etc. Write about its impact on the women.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward to tackle this menace.
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
Difficulty level: Moderate.
Reference: the Hindu
Why the question: Australia is celebrating India’s 75 years of Independence by making the largest single investment in our bilateral relationship.
Key Demand of the question: To write about the various facets of India-Australia relations especially with respect to security and stability of the Indian Ocean Region.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context regarding the progress of Indo-Australian relations in the recent times.
Body:
Discuss first the possible prospects that Australia and India have in the IOR – Australia is rich in natural resources that India’s growing economy needs. Its armed forces, hardened by international combat, are widely respected. Canberra’s intelligence establishment is valued in many parts of the world. Australia has deep economic, political and security connections with the ASEAN etc. Bilateral trade and investment between the countries.
Next, write about the recent developments – formation of AUKUS, QUAD and turmoil in Ukraine and its impact on the bilateral relations between the two nations,
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Government Budgeting.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: InstaPedia
Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question: To write about BoP and India’s vulnerabilities with regards to its BoP.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining BoP and its various components.
Body:
First, in brief, elaborate on the evolution of India’s BoP and various crises faced with respect to BoP.
Next, write about the various reforms undertaken to strengthen India’s BoP scenario and write about their impact.
Next, write about the present vulnerabilities with respect to India’s BoP and steps needed to prevent it from any adverse impact.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Government Budgeting.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question: Two-and-a-half months after Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced India’s target of achieving net-zero emissions by 2070, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman highlighted climate action and an energy transition as pillars of economic development in her budget speech.
Key Demand of the question: To write about the need of a roadmap for energy transition from carbon based to non-carbon energy sources.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Begin by giving context to India’s net zero declaration at cop-26.
Body:
First, in brief, mention India’s recognition of net zero and corresponding budgetary announcement.
Next, in brief, mention India’s needed to balance both its development as well as its climate goals. Bring out the link between the two.
Next, write about the changes required to India’s with respect to energy transition in this regard – A green industrialisation strategy, diversifying clean energy sources, creating avenues for investment etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Disaster and disaster management.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: HindustanTimes
Why the question: Cyclone Asani is likely to skirt Andaman and Nicobar Islands on Monday night and might result in heavy rainfall and strong winds, the India Meteorological Department has said.
Key Demand of the question: To write about the need of a long-term mitigation measures for cyclones.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by providing context and the increasing frequency of cyclones in India.
Body:
In first part, cite the data and write the reasons for increasing frequency of cyclones on both the eastern and western coast of India. Increasing sea surface temperatures in the northern Indian Ocean and the changing geo-climatic conditions in India etc.
Next, bring out the economic costs and human costs as a result of devastation caused by the severe cyclones.
Mention the measures that are needed – installing a disaster warning system in the coastal districts, and construction of evacuation shelters in cyclone-prone districts etc. Mention long term measures – Embankments that are resilient to storm surges, improved prevention of flooding from swollen rivers and coastal mangrove habitats regeneration etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and nonpartisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.
Difficulty level: Moderate.
Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Conceptual Tuesdays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.
Key Demand of the question: To explain the role of neutrality in civil services.
Directive word:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by defining neutrality.
Body:
Elaborate upon as to how civil service should give free and frank advice to the government impartially and without any political consideration. It also means the implementation of the decisions of the government by the civil service faithfully whether such decisions were in consonance with their advice or not. Substantiate with examples.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning as to how the above will lead integrity and efficiency in the administration.