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General Studies – 1
Topic:Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Key Demand of the question: To write about the role of Philanthropy in solving social problems of the country.
Directive word:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by defining philanthropy.
Body:
Write about the how Philanthropy is a critical part of a democratic society – focussing on welfare, reducing inequalities, giving back to the society.
Next, write about its role in solving social problems – provides opportunities, supports projects and endeavours, funding projects which lack widespread support of the general public or the government etc. Cite examples to substantiate.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning that ways to promote philanthropic initiatives in the country.
General Studies – 2
Topic:Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests
Difficulty level: Moderate.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question: Japan has announced $5-trillion or Rs 3,20,000-crore investment target in India for the next five years, following talks between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Japanese counterpart Fumio Kishida.
Key Demand of the question: To write about the evolution of Indo-Japan times and scope for deepening bilateral ties.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with a brief history of India-Japan ties and its evolution in the recent times.
Body:
First, Write about the Indo-Japan Strategic and Global Partnership – Balancing security policy against China, Scope for technology partnership, Economic ties, Scope for expansion: Support for key manufacturing initiatives such as ‘Make in India’ and Japan Industrial Townships, secure infrastructure investments in strategically vital connectivity projects currently underway in Northeast and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Etc.
Next, write about the how countries can seek a deeper engagement in the current geopolitical scenario.
Conclusion:
Conclude writing a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Instapedia
Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question: To write about various types of deficits and the impact of fiscal deficit on India economy.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining revenue, fiscal and primary deficit.
Body:
Write about the ways in which fiscal deficit impacts the India economy – deficits crowd out private borrowing, manipulate capital structures and interest rates, decrease net exports, and lead to higher tax rate and higher inflation etc. Substantiate with statistics and examples.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward to reduce the fiscal deficit in the economy.
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: InstaPedia
Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question: To write about role and performance of FRBMA in debt management.
Directive word:
Critically examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by writing the aims and objectives of FRBMA.
Body:
First, write about the performance of FRBMA in ensuring equity and macro-economic stability leading to prudential debt management – give an overview where the state objectives have been achieved.
Next, write about the shortcomings of FRBMA – Despite general improvements over time, prudent management of public finances continues to be a challenge, scarce public resources, electoral cycles and at times distorted incentives coupled, there is a tendency for governments to overspend during good years and thereby limiting room for countercyclical response in bad years and that leads to deficit.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward and various recommendations in order to overcome the above limitations.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Difficulty level: Moderate.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The UN General Assembly has proclaimed March 21 as the International Day of Forests to celebrate and raise awareness about the importance of forests. On this day, countries are encouraged to organise activities such as tree planting campaigns to help increase the green cover, conserve biodiversity, and fight climate change.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about how unplanned and unscientific afforestation can cause harm to biodiversity and suggest steps to rectify it.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by describing India’s as well the global push to restore forests and afforestation in order to mitigate climate change.
Body:
Firstly, write about the benefits of Forest conservation and restoration – climate mitigation, soil retention, conservation of biodiversity and cultural values, promote local economies through direct and indirect job opportunities, such as seed collection and cultivation, plantation of seedlings, timber harvesting and ecotourism.
Next, write about how unplanned and unscientific afforestation cause adverse impacts – broad-scale reforestation might cause the loss of other habitats of conservation importance, such as low-intensity farming systems of high ecological value, spread of invasive species and pests and reduce water availability and fires hazards etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward to have a planned afforestation that leads to sustainable management of forests.
Topic: Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.
Difficulty level: Moderate.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
Although Kyiv and New Delhi are 4,500 km apart, the reverberations of Russia’s military assault on Ukraine are being acutely felt on Raisina Hill. The impact of this conflict on India, while no less severe, will be different in scope and ambit from Europe.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about impediments to ‘atmanirbharta’ in defence and suggest measures to overcome them.
Directive word:
Account – Weigh up to what extent something is true. Persuade the reader of your argument by citing relevant research but also remember to point out any flaws and counter- arguments as well. Conclude by stating clearly how far you agree with the original proposition.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving the overview of Indian defence industry and its dependence on imports
Body:
Firstly, write about the various which prevent India from achieving ‘atmanirbharta’ – historical neglect, indifference towards national security, Lack of long-term vision for India’s Defence Technology Industrial Base (DTIB), The bureaucracy’s incomprehension of military technology, Lack of accountability for missing time, cost or performance targets etc.
Next, write about the steps that are needed to overcome the above and achieve the defence targets and atmanirbharta in defence.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
Difficulty level: Moderate.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Philosophical Mondays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about middle path of Buddha and its application in present day.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with a brief middle path of Buddha.
Body:
Write about the concept of ‘middle path’ (madhyamaka) which steers clear of the extremes. Elaborte upon it as it essentially implies avoiding extremes, such as what we are witnessing today-narrow nationalism and unbridled liberalism, religious bigotry and decrying religion, obsession with a glorious past and justifying all things considered modern; in short, blind faith in what one considers right without consideration for the other’s point of view.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning Buddha’s call to avoid extreme ways of practice and walk the middle way of reasonableness is the need of the hour.
