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General Studies – 1
Topic: Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism and secularism
Difficulty level: Moderate.
Reference: The Hindu , Indian Express
Why the question:
Vice-President Venkaiah Naidu on Monday spoke out against hate speech, saying it goes against the country’s culture, Constitution and ethos, and that “every person has the right to practise and preach his or her faith”.
Key Demand of the question:
Briefly write about hate speech, its impact on society, mention legal and constitutional measures, whether they have been successful or not.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by briefly defining what is hate speech and cite some recent examples of hate speech.
Body:
First, write about the impact of hate speech on society,
Next, write in detail about various legal and constitutional measures that have been provided for curbing hate speech.
Next, write about how far they have been successful or unsuccessful in achieving the desired results.
Finally write about what can be done in future by government, civil society etc so as to reduce instances of hate speech.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Indian Constitution– historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure
Difficulty Level: Easy
Reference: Polity by M. Laxmikanth
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 2 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable
Key Demand of the question:
The constitutional provisions relating to the statement, highlighting its interpretation by the Supreme Court
Directive word:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the topic and form an overall opinion thereupon
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Brief on the constitutional provisions-Article Numbers, schedule, related detailed provisions
Body:
First, mention the expanded scope of Article 21
Then, the ordered interpretation by the Supreme Court in relevance to the statement
Conclusion:
A relevant closing statement
Topic: Indian Constitution– historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Reference: Polity by M. Laxmikanth
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 2 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable
Key Demand of the question:
The limited nature of Fundamental rights in India, and how balance is ensured between their absolute and qualified nature
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Brief on qualified nature of fundamental rights in India
Body:
First, elaborate on the need to balance societal and individual rights
As the directive is to analyse, take up each fundamental right, and elaborate upon its absolute yet limited nature.
Mention the related interpretation by the Judiciary as well if any, to curtail/extend the nature of fundamental rights
Conclusion:
A relevant summarising statement
General Studies – 3
Topic: Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Indian Express, GaoConnection
Why the question:
The article is by renowned agriculture expert Ashok Gulati. He explains the negative impact of the MSP system in India as well as suggests measures to reform it.
Key Demand of the question:
Explain the MSP system, how has it been helpful for the farmers as well as issues associated with it.
Directive word:
Critically examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Give a brief introduction of the MSP system followed in India
Body:
Give a brief description of how MSP system has helped safeguard the interest of the farmers in India.
Then go on to detail the issues with the MSP system e.g. MSP distorts the basic logic of the supply-demand mechanism, slows down the process of diversification, and is economically a very expensive and inefficient policy instrument, besides leading to massive leakages and corruption.
Briefly list down some of the suggestions to reform the system especially the call by some to legalise the MSP system.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a balanced viewpoint and need for further reforms in MSP system.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Indian Express, Niti Aayog Report
Why the question:
India is facing the paradox of having to balance its immediate need for fossil fuel for its energy security with the long-term need for clean energy transitions. The article tries to suggest policy measures that India can follow to overcome it. It has been recently in News due to India’s ambitious pledge at COP26 for a Net-Zero economy by 2070.
Key Demand of the question:
Briefly describe the challenges for clean energy transition and measures to overcome them.
Directive word:
Examine – When you are asked to examine, you have to probe deeper into the topic, get into details, and find out the causes or implications if any.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Introduce with the current status of energy dependency and efforts for clean energy transition by India.
Body:
Give a detailed description of constraints with the clean energy transitions such as clean energy transition will be long and expensive, fossil fuels will dominate the energy basket during this transition phase, “ OPEC plus” will resurge in market influence, etc.
Then suggest what measures can be taken e.g. create a facilitative ecosystem for the search and development of the minerals and metals required for clean energy, create a “clean energy aatmanirbhar supply chain”.
Conclusion:
Conclude by saying that despite constraints, the long-term sustainability of our energy security heavily relies on the pace of clean energy transitions. You can cite some country which has successfully transitioned their energy need to clean energy.
General Studies – 4
Topic: GS4: Essence of ethics; The philosophical basis of governance and probity.
Difficulty level: Easy
Why the question?
Growing criticism against laws in the country vis-à-vis them not taking humanity into consideration.
Structure of the answer
Introduction
You can start your answer by defining humanity in a brief manner and underscoring its importance in a society such as India.
Body
- Bring out briefly the relationship between humanity and rules and regulations
- Debate whether our rules and regulations run contrary to humane values. Remember to throw light on both sides of the dimensions using suitable examples
- You can also make an argument that it is not the rules and regulations that are inhumane but rather the people who implement them that needs to change
Conclusion
Conclude as to how we can reconcile humanity with rules and regulations in society.
Topic: Human values: Lessons from the teaching and lives of great leaders, administrators, and reformers.
7. “Honesty and happiness are always corelated to each other”. Discuss using suitable examples (10M)
Difficulty level: Easy
Why the question?
Essence of ethics; falling level of honesty in the society; rising unhappiness in the society
Structure of the answer
Introduction
Define honesty in a brief manner in the introduction.
Body
- In questions like these one has to focus on the multiple dimensions in the demand of the question. Ex: Happiness and honesty might be corelated in some instances; happiness and honesty might not be corelated in some instances; happiness and honesty might be corelated if not in the short-term but in the long-term.
- Give adequate examples for the above dimensions. You can draw inferences from the teachings and lives of leaders and philosophers like Gandhi ji, Buddha etc.
Conclusion
Conclude as to how we can develop and stick to honesty even if it means unhappiness in the short-term or how we can find a balance between the two.
