[Mission 2022] Insta– QUED ( Questions from Editorials ) 04 January 2022

Solution: b)

On January 1, 2017, the Government rolled out the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY), where a ‘cash incentive of ₹5,000 is provided directly to the bank/post office account of pregnant women and lactating mothers for the first living child of the family (subject to fulfilling specific conditions relating to maternal and child health)’.

It is aimed at improving health-seeking behaviour and to compensate for wage loss for pregnant women, particularly in the unorganised sectors.

The primary objective of the PMMVY is to provide partial wage compensation.

The way forward for the PMMVY is to extend the maternity benefit under the PMMVY to the second live birth.

The predecessor scheme, the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana was applicable for two live births.

Source

Solution: b)

• The phenomenon of gravitational lensing occurs when a huge amount of matter, such as a massive galaxy, cluster of galaxies or a black hole, creates a gravitational field that distorts and magnifies the light from objects behind it.
• Gravitational lensing is based on Einstein’s theory of general relativity (Mass bend light).
• Normal lenses such as the ones in a magnifying glass work by bending light rays that pass through them in a process known as refraction, in order to focus the light somewhere else.
• Similarly, the gravitational field of a massive object causes light rays passing close to that object to be bent and refocused somewhere else.
• The more massive the object, the stronger its gravitational field and hence the greater the bending of light rays – just like using denser materials to make optical lenses results in a greater amount of refraction.
• In effect, gravitational lenses act like natural cosmic telescopes.

Solution: d)

Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula is a sparsely populated desert region between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. 

Solution: c)

GDP is the total market value of all finished goods and services produced within a country in a set time period.

GNI is the total income received by the country from its residents and businesses regardless of whether they are located in the country or abroad.

GNP includes the income of all of a country’s residents and businesses whether it flows back to the country or is spent abroad. It also adds subsidies and taxes from foreign sources.

Solution: d)

The act identifies four types of rights:

• Title rights:

It gives FDST and OTFD the right to ownership to land farmed by tribals or forest dwellers subject to a maximum of 4 hectares.

Ownership is only for land that is actually being cultivated by the concerned family and no new lands will be granted.

• Use rights:

The rights of the dwellers extend to extracting Minor Forest Produce, grazing areas, to pastoralist routes, etc.

• Relief and development rights:

To rehabilitation in case of illegal eviction or forced displacement and to basic amenities, subject to restrictions for forest protection

• Forest management rights:

It includes the right to protect, regenerate or conserve or manage any community forest resource which they have been traditionally protecting and conserving for sustainable use.