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General Studies – 1
Topic: geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Class-XI NCERT: India Physical Environment.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To explain the importance of mangroves and to bring out the various threats faced by them.
Directive:
Comment- here we have to express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by briefly writing about mangroves and their ecosystem.
Body:
You can draw simple and illustrative of map showing important mangroves.
Write about the role of mangroves as the first line of defence against erosion and flooding. Also mention about the other ecological benefits of mangroves as well as its unique flora and fauna.
Next, write about the various threats that mangroves are facing which is making them ecologically fragile and climatically vulnerable such as Coastal development, clearing for agriculture, excessive Aquaculture &Salt Production, River changes: Dams and irrigation, Destruction of coral reefs, Pollution and Climate change etc. Cite necessary examples, facts and figures to substantiate your point.
Conclusion:
Write a way forward to protect the Mangrove ecosystem of India.
Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography;
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: NCERT Book For Class XI: Fundamentals of Physical Geography.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the differences as well as similarities between most important theories that tried to explain the plate tectonics.
Directive:
Compare and contrast – provide for a detailed comparison of the two types, their features that are similar as well as different. One must provide for detailed assessment of the two.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Write about plate tectonics and the movement of continents and various theories put forward to explain them.
Body:
This is a very straightforward question and to answer it, drawing a table would be apt in order to compare and contrast the theories.
Bring out differences in the continental drift theory, sea floor spreading theory and the plate tectonics theory on the following parameters such as Authors of the theory, what the theory explains, forces it considers for the movement, supporting evidences it considers, critique of theory if any and its acceptance among scientists etc.
Conclusion:
Mention about general importance of the theories and conclude your answer.
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Difficulty level: Easy.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill, 2020, that was passed in the Lok Sabha on Wednesday, has done, by excluding two categories — LGBTQIA+ and single men.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the features of ART bill and examine how the bill is discriminatory in nature.
Directive word:
Critically examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by giving the aims and objectives of ART bill.
Body:
First, mention the widespread nature of ART services which makes hub of the global fertility industry with medical tourists flocking to the country for a variety of services. Cite statistic to substantatie your points.
Next, mention the key features of ART bill which safe and ethical practice of ART services.
Next, mention how the bill is discriminatory by excluding LGBTQIA+ and single men.
Conclusion:
Conclude with solutions to address the issue.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
our Personal Data Protection law that has been in the making ever since a panel led by Justice Srikrishna submitted a framework for it in 2018 still seems bereft of the privacy focus it needs.
Key Demand of the question:
Examine the need and significance of protection of personal data of the people in India.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing personal data and why it requires protection especially in the light of recent events.
Body:
First, write about the evolution towards data protection law since SC judgement of 2027 – Just srikirshna committee, JPC on the draft law etc.
Next, write about why protecting personal data is important? – Data protection regulations ensure the security of individuals’ personal data and regulate the collection, usage, transfer, and disclosure of the said data and how without a law it renders fundamental right to privacy ineffective.
Conclusion:
Conclude writing a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
On 19 November, in a sudden announcement, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the withdrawal of three contentious farm laws passed by Parliament last September. And they were repealed on the very first day that the House convened for its winter session.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the issues of farmers and suggest steps to improve their livelihood and achieve agricultural growth.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context regarding the repeal of the farm laws.
Body:
In the first part, write about the issues plaguing farmers in India – Small holdings make agriculture uneconomic, Perpetual indebtedness, Inability to procure quality seeds, Lack of water and poor yields etc.
Next, mention the steps that are need to accelerate agricultural growth in India – access to modern technology, research priorities, extension services and investment priorities, land leasing laws etc.
Next, write about the steps that are need to ensure renumerative prices to farmers in India – new opportunities for small and marginal farmers in allied activities, improve price realsiation, preventing losses etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: scroll.in
Why the question:
In just under three months since launch of e-Shram portal, over 9.1 crore – 24% – of the expected 38 crore had registered by November 25. More than half work in the agriculture sector, India’s largest employer.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the benefits of e-shram portal for unorganised workers and other measures further need to ensure their welfare.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about the e-shram portal and its objectives.
Body:
In the first part, throw a light on the current status of unorganised workers in India.
Next, mention the potential benefits for the unorganised workers by registering themselves on the portal – health, DBT, ration etc. mention how e-shram helps alleviating the issues of unorganised workers.
Next, Discuss the various challenges or impediments being faced in the e-Shram portal. Talk about technological issues, eligibility issues, how it is a long process, complex identity issues, dependence on state governments etc.
Provide suitable measures to overcome the above.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Key Demand of the question: To explain concept and the importance EI.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
In your own words, define Emotional intelligence and what it means to you.
Body:
First, very briefly describe the key 5 components of EI.
Explain why it is so valuable. Mention how can lead us on the path to a fulfilled and happy life. Mention its role in better management of emotions, understanding oneself, self-awareness etc. Cite examples to substantiate your points.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising the overall importance of Emotional intelligence.
