Topic: Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent)
2. Proper ecosystem management across the world’s mountain areas will meet demands of nature and communities to address global changes and enhance ecosystem and human well-being. Discuss. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about integrated approach to mountain ecosystem development to address challenges and secure livelihood of people residing there.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start the answer by stating that mountains cover 24% of the Earth’s land surface. They are home to 12% of the world’s population and another 14% of the population reside in their immediate proximity.
Body:
First, mention the major services provided by the mountain ecosystem – freshwater, biological and cultural diversity, traditional ecological knowledge, tourism and influence the climate at many scales.
Next, write about threats to mountain ecosystems are particularly fragile, subject to both natural and anthropogenic drivers of change. These range from volcanic and seismic events and flooding to global climate change and the loss of vegetation and soils because of inappropriate agricultural and forestry practices, and extractive industries.
Next write about management is not only important for mountain communities, but also for a sizeable proportion of the global population and steps needed in this regard.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
