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General Studies – 1
Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To state the reasons for high productivity of continental shelves.
Directive word:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by briefly mentioning about relief of the ocean floor and its divisions.
Body:
First, mention certain figures/stats regarding the productivity of continental shelves with examples.
Next, discuss in detail the reasons for high productivity of the continental shelves like high nuritent loads, vertical stability and shallowness etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising the overall economic importance of continental shelves.
Topic: geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
Bring out the seasonal variations in the monsoon and to analyse the impact of too much monsoonal rain on Indian farmers.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by introducing Indian monsoon and its importance briefly.
Body:
Start by briefly mentioning about mechanism of the monsoon and the reasons for fluctuations in Indian monsoon according to the seasons.
Divide the answer in to various months and how monsoon varies with it. Use a diagram to explain it more systematically. Do include the Western Disturbances, Somali Jet Streams, Easterly Jet streams etc.
In the next part, start by mention how both monsoon deficit and too much monsoon in counterproductive in the Indian scenario. Mention the drawbacks of the too much surplus in monsoon such as floods, crop damage, increased pest infestation and disease, low outputs etc with supporting examples. Also, include the indirect costs incurred such as increased imports and reduced exports.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward to deal with excess and surplus of monsoonal rain.
Topic: Post-independence consolidation.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
On November 3, 1988, a group of Maldivians assisted by a Sri Lankan militant organisation unsuccessfully attempted to overthrow the government in the island republic of Maldives.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about operation cactus and its impact on India.
Directive word:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context of Operation Cactus.
Body:
In the first part, mention the reasons for intervention of India in the political turmoil in Maldives.
Next, write about the successes of the operations – especially in terms of India’s military capabilities, commitment to preserving democracy in the neighbourhood etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by linking with present day role of India in its neighbourhood.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Live Mnt
Why the question:
The observations on the performance of multilateral institutions have highlighted the dominance of China during the Covid pandemic and also the failure of such forums to address the changing security issues.
Key Demand of the question:
To analyse lacunae in the existing multilateral institutions and the need for a course correction.
Directive word:
Critically comment – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘comment’ is prefixed, we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by stating the dormant and ineffective nature of functioning of multilateral institutions such as the UNSC, IMF and world bank in the recent times.
Body:
Mention the changing power dynamics within the multilateral organisations, the dominance of China and the minimal role of under developed countries in policy frameworks in domains such as International security, equitable access to different economies, Climate change etc.
Next, mention the increasing debates around the issue and suggestive reforms and a need for a greater voice of the side-lined countries.
On the other hand, discuss some of the initiatives by these forums to enable relevant functioning in the current times such as enforcing the developed countries to contribute more to the climate financing in preserving the small island nations, bringing in mechanisms to ensure access of smaller economies etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by stating that new challenges need a new approach to ensure effective functioning of the International forums to address common issues globally.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
As per the All India Debt and Investment Survey (AIDIS), 20% of rural women have reported having debit or credit cards, compared to 64% of men. There is a 17% gender gap in card ownership even in urban areas.
Key Demand of the question:
To understand the gender dynamics in financial inclusion in India.
Directive word:
Comment- here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by stating that the PMJDY scheme was brought in to ensure financial inclusion of all.
Body:
Mention some facts related to financial inclusion of women such as access to bank accounts, owning of debit/credit cards, use of digital payment platforms etc, also the disparities in access among urban and rural women.
Also discuss issues like low labour participation and low earnings and lack of access to mobile phones with internet, higher rejection ratio of loans for women owned businesses etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by stating that the roadblocks to financial inclusion of women needs systemic address for their inclusion as well as improvement.
Topic: Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Many Indian telecom companies have sought government approvals for trial runs of 5G network in India.
Key Demand of the question:
To understand the potential of 5G technology and how India could harness it.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by stating details of 5G network and its frequency range.
Body:
First, mention the various potential benefits of 5G technology such as faster access to critical services, building smart cities, developing competitiveness with other nations in service delivery standards etc.
Next, discuss the challenges to roll out 5G such as high cost of installation, public apprehension regarding safety, need for a robust policy and Centre-state coordination etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by stating that more and more discussions and quick action is the need of the hour for India to quickly harness the potential of 5G technology.
General Studies – 4
Topic: moral and political attitudes.
7. What do you understand by public morality? Explain with examples. (150 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Quotes Wednesdays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.
Directive word:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Give a simple elaboration on the concept of public morality.
Body:
Write about aspects such as what is accepted within the realms of public morality, is it static and indestructible by quoting few examples. Influence of public morality on legislations and the changes with time such as legalisation of same-sex marriage etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by stating that society evolves with time and thus the public morality also takes its shape, however certain historically sustainable values must be preserved as well.
