[MISSION 2022] INSIGHTS CURRENT AFFAIRS ( 28 October 2021) REVISION THROUGH MCQS

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Judicial Review refers to the power of the judiciary to interpret the constitution and to declare any such law or order of the legislature and executive void, if it finds them in conflict the Constitution of India.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/10/28/national-security-vs-judicial-review/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• S1: The concept of judicial review has been borrowed from the constitution of the USA.
• S2: Straightforward – Articles 13 of the Constitution, see here https://indiankanoon.org/doc/134715/

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/10/28/national-security-vs-judicial-review/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• S1: Under the provision of Section 14 of the Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969, a birth certificate can be obtained without the name of the child. In such cases, the name can be entered by the concerned registration authority without any charge within 12 months and by charging the prescribed fee up to 15 years (from the date of registration). Refer: https://censusindia.gov.in/2011-FAQ/FAQ-CRS.html#J
• S2: The Centre has proposed amendments to the Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969 that will enable it to “maintain the database of registered birth and deaths at the national level”.
  • Presently, the registration of births and deaths is done by the local registrar appointed by States.
• Proposed amendments by the Centre:
  • It is proposed that the Chief Registrar (appointed by the States) would maintain a unified database at the State level and integrate it with the data at the “national level,” maintained by the Registrar General of India (RGI). The amendments will imply that the Centre will be a parallel repository of data.
  • “Special Sub-Registrars” shall be appointed, in the event of disaster, with any or all of his powers and duties for on the spot registration of deaths and issuance of extract thereof, as may be prescribed.”

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/10/28/amendments-to-the-registration-of-births-and-deaths-act-1969/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• About ADB:
  • It is a regional development bank.
  • established on 19 December 1966.
  • headquartered — Manila, Philippines.
  • official United Nations Observer.
• Who can be its members?
  • The bank admits the members of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP, formerly the Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East or ECAFE) and non-regional developed countries.
  • ADB now has 68 members, 49 from within Asia.
• Voting rights:
  • It is modeled closely on the World Bank, and has a similar weighted voting system where votes are distributed in proportion with members’ capital subscriptions.
  • As of 31 December 2019, ADB’s five largest shareholders are Japan and the United States (each with 15.6% of total shares), the People’s Republic of China (6.4%), India (6.3%), and Australia (5.8%).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/10/28/asian-development-bank-adb-5/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Genome sequencing is figuring out the order of DNA nucleotides, or bases, in a genome—the order of As, Cs, Gs, and Ts that make up an organism’s DNA.
• S1: Currently available newborn screening (genome) for childhood diseases allows detection of rare disorders that can be prevented or better treated by early detection and intervention.
  • https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/whole-genome-sequencing-predict-disease/
• S2: Naturally if the gene potential can be identified by screening and sequencing, it will help in better genetic engineering.
• S3: This can be reasoned logically based on the above.
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_genome_sequencing

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/10/28/indian-sars-cov-2-consortium-on-genomics-insacog/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• It is a spyware tool developed by an Israeli firm, the NSO Group.
• Spyware spy on people through their phones.
  • Pegasus works by sending an exploit link, and if the target user clicks on the link, the malware or the code that allows the surveillance is installed on the user’s phone.
  • Once Pegasus is installed, the attacker has complete access to the target user’s phone.
• The 2021 Project Pegasus revelations suggest that the current Pegasus software can exploit all recent iOS versions up to iOS 14.6.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/10/28/pegasus-snooping-case/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Health Ministry is planning to start the “Har Ghar Dastak” (Knock Every Door) campaign in districts with low vaccination rates to enthuse and motivate people towards getting their jab.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/10/28/mission-2022-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-28-october-2021-3/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• India successfully tests nuclear-capable Agni-V ballistic missile.
• The Agni-V Intercontinental-range Ballistic Missile (ICBM) has been developed by the Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) and Bharat Dynamics Limited.
• It weighs close to 50,000 kilograms. The missile is 1.75 meters tall with a diameter of two metres.
• The 1,500-kilogram warhead will be placed on top of the three-stage rocket boosters powered by solid fuel.
• The missile can range the whole of Asia, Europe and parts of Africa. Once inducted, Agni-V will be maintained by the Strategic Forces command.
• India has already conducted seven trials of the missile, which has a range of over 5,000 kilometres.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/10/28/mission-2022-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-28-october-2021-3/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• S1 and S2: The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) is a group of nuclear supplier countries that seeks to contribute to the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons through the implementation of two sets of Guidelines for nuclear exports and nuclear-related exports. But becoming the member of the ‘Nuclear Suppliers Group’ will NOT automatically make a country a member of “The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT).
• The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) is a multilateral export control regime and a group of nuclear supplier countries that seek to prevent nuclear proliferation by controlling the export of materials, equipment and technology that can be used to manufacture nuclear weapons.
• Membership of the NSG enables access to technology for a range of uses from medicine to building nuclear power plants for India from the NSG which is essentially a traders’ cartel.
• Source: http://www.nuclearsuppliersgroup.org/en/

Refer: UPSC CSE 2018

Ans: (c)
Explanation:

• S1: FRBM review panel had recommended the criterion of debt as a parameter for fiscal responsibility the central share being 40% and state 20%. Also, in terms of domestic liabilities the figures are actually reverse i:e central government 49% and state 21%.
• S3: 293. (3.) A State may not without the consent of the Government of India raise any loan if there is still outstanding any part of a loan which has been made to the State by the Government of India or by its predecessor Government, or in respect of which a guarantee has been given by the Government of India or by its predecessor Government
  https://www.livemint.com/Politics/rACgsBE9cMFYEbZksaDanK/Govt-may-delay-implementation-of-NK-Singhs-FRBM-report.html

Refer: UPSC CSE 2018