[Mission 2022] QUIZ – 2021: Insights Current Affairs Quiz, 20 October 2021

Solution: d)

The official website and the Press Information Bureau declared that donations to the PM CARES Fund “would qualify for 80G benefits for 100% exemption under the Income Tax Act, 1961. Donations to PM CARES Fund will also qualify to be counted as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) expenditure under the Companies Act, 2013. PM CARES Fund has also got exemption under the FCRA [Foreign Contribution Regulation Act] and a separate account for receiving foreign donations has been opened”.

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Solution: c)

UN-backed ‘Race to Zero’ global campaign, which aims to create jobs while meeting goals of climate change and sustainable development.

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Solution: c)

Continuous loss of biodiversity is observed across the shorelines of settlement zones in Indian Sundarbans. This region harbours many rare and threatened flora and fauna which maintain the mangrove ecosystem’s integrity and complexity.

Small patches of mangroves are being lost gradually and quietly due to their indiscriminate destruction for either coastal development or short-term gains.

In Indian Sundarbans, conversion of shoreline mangroves to shrimp farms and other pisciculture farms is very popular and it is the main source of income for the local people.

However, these livelihoods come at the cost of frequent clearing of the shorelines once occupied by native mangrove species. Thus, the habitats of many species continue to be reclaimed for shrimp culture, in spite of knowing that mangrove destruction could also be counter-productive, as the shrimp industry depends on various ecological services provided by the mangrove ecosystem in order to maintain its continued productivity.

The building of dykes for the protection of coastal villages from tidal aggression/storm surges is another major cause that makes mangrove communities across the estuarine shorelines in the settlement regions of the Sundarbans, the most vulnerable targets of destruction.

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Solution: d)

• The 42nd Constitutional Amendment in 1976 embedded tribunals as an integral part of the justice delivery mechanism in India.
• Since then, specialised tribunals have been set up in a wide range of sectors both under union as well as state laws.
• The introduction of Articles 323A and 323B into the Constitution of India has successfully embedded tribunals as an integral part of the justice delivery mechanism in the country.
• The Supreme Court has repeatedly called for the establishment of a national tribunals commission to make suitable appointments and evaluate the functioning of tribunals.
• The idea of a National Tribunals Commission was first mooted by the Supreme Court in Chandra Kumar v. Union of India (1997).
• The objective of National Tribunals Commission is envisaged to be an independent umbrella body to supervise the functioning of tribunals, appointment of and disciplinary proceedings against members, and to take care of administrative and infrastructural needs of the tribunals.

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Solution: b)

The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act was introduced and passed in Parliament in 2015 to replace the Juvenile Delinquency Law and the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children Act) 2000.

One of the main provisions of the new Act was allowing the trial of juveniles in conflict with law in the age group of 16-18 years as adults, in cases where the crimes were to be determined. The nature of the crime, and whether the juvenile should be tried as a minor or a child, was to be determined by a Juvenile Justice Board. This provision received an impetus after the 2012 Delhi gangrape in which one of the accused was just short of 18 years, and was therefore tried as a juvenile.

The Act streamlined adoption procedures for orphans, abandoned and surrendered children and the existing Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) has been given the status of a statutory body to enable it to perform its function more effectively.