DAY – 58 ( INSTA REVISION TEST – 58)INSTA REVISION PLAN 3.0, 2021

Solution: C

Ramanand was the first bhakti saint to use Hindi for the propagation of his message in 14th century, which popularized his preaching among local people.

Solution: D

Ziauddin Barani (1285–1358 CE) was a Muslim political thinker of the Delhi Sultanate located in present-day North India during Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Firuz Shah’s reign. He was best known for composing the Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi, a work on  medieval India, which covers the period from the reign of Ghiyas ud din Balban to the first six years of reign of Firoz Shah Tughluq.

Abu Rayhan al-Biruni (973 – after 1050) was an Iranian scholar. His work Tarikh-Al-Hind (Indian Philosophy and Religion) was written in Arabic.

Amīr Khusrau was a Sufi musician, poet and scholar from the Indian sub-continent. He was an iconic figure in the cultural history. Khusrau wrote the Khaza’in ul-Futuh (The Treasures of Victory) recording Ala ud-Din’s construction works, wars and administrative services. He is regarded as the ‘father of qawwali’ and pioneer of the ghazal style of songs.

Solution: D

Rast Goftar was an Anglo-Gujarati paper operating in Bombay that was started in 1854 by Dadabhai Naoroji and Kharshedji Cama and championed social reform among Parsis in Western India.

Madan’s Talwar, later known as The Talvar, was an early-20th-century Indian Nationalist periodical published from Berlin. Originally named after Madan Lal Dhingra, one of the heroes of the Indian independence movement who had been executed for the political assassination of William Hutt Curzon Wyllie, the publication was established in 1909 in Paris by Bhikaiji Cama. Editorial responsibilities lay with Virendranath Chattopadhyaya in Berlin.

The Comrade was a weekly English-language newspaper that was published and edited by Maulana Mohammad Ali between 1911 and 1914.

Solution: C

Chakravarti Vijayaraghavachariar was an Indian politician. He rose to prominence following his appeal against the charges alleging him to have instigated a Hindu – Muslim riot in Salem. The legal battle and eventual victory in proving his innocence earned him the title The Lion of South India. He was the president of INC in 1920 Nagpur Session.

Azimullah Khan Yusufzai, also known as Dewan Azimullah Khan, was initially appointed Secretary, and later Prime Minister to Nana Sahib. He is also known as the Krantidoot Azimullah Khan. He participated in revolt of 1857 and died in 1858.

B. Malabari founded Seva Sadan in 1885.

Solution: B

Treaty of Sagauli: 1815

First Anglo Afghan war: 1839-42

First Anglo-Burma War: 1824-26

Treaty of Gandamak: 1879

Solution: A

Ambedkar approved a separation of politics and religion as opposed to Gandhi.

Ambedkar believed that ‘Gram swaraj’ would continue the social hierarchy based on discrimination and inequality and thus he was not in its favour.

Solution: B

Bengal British Indian Society – 1843,

Madras Native Association – 1852,

East India Association – 1866,

Bombay Presidency Association – 1885.

Solution: B

Sandhya was a newspaper advocating revolutionary activities

Aim of his school was to teach Vedic & modern education for students of elite class and not Poor students.

Solution: C

Prisoner’s situation in India:

• Prisons, and their administration, is a state subject covered by item 4 under the State List in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India.
• The management and administration of prisons falls exclusively in the domain of the State governments, and is governed by the Prisons Act, 1894 and the Prison manuals of the respective state governments.
• Thus, the states have the primary role, responsibility and authority to change the current prison laws, rules and regulations.
• Under Article, 14, 19, 20, 21 and 22 of the Constitution of India impliedly deal with the rights of prisoners
• Under Section 62(5) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, individuals in lawful custody of the police and those serving a sentence of imprisonment after conviction cannot vote. Undertrial prisoners are also excluded from participating in elections even if their names are on electoral rolls. Only those under preventive detention can cast their vote through postal ballots.
• There were 433,003 prisoners in jails across India as on 31 December 2016. Males at 414,505 make up 95.73% of prisoners while females at 18,498 represent 4.27%. Most prisoners are between 30–50 years old (44.0%), followed by age group of 18–30 years (43.1%), and above 50 years (13.0%).
• In Europe, Switzerland, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Ireland, the Baltic States, and Spain already allow prisoner voting.
• Countries like Romania, Iceland, the Netherlands, Slovakia, Luxembourg, Cyprus and Germany have opted for a middle path: Voting is allowed subject to certain permits and conditions such as the quantum of sentence served.

Solution: B

• Management of mineral resources is the responsibility of both the central and state governments in terms of entry 54 of the Union List (List I) and entry 23 of the State List (List II) of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India.
•  Petroleum reserves are located in the sedimentary basins of Assam, Gujarat and Mumbai High i.e., off-shore region in the Arabian Sea. New reserves have been located in the Krishna-Godavari and Kaveri basins.
• Inter-Generational Equity: National Mineral Policy 2019 introduces the concept of Inter-Generational Equity that deals with the well-being of both the present generation and future generations. – It also proposes to constitute an inter-ministerial body to institutionalize the mechanism for ensuring sustainable development in mining.
• DMFs were instituted under the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) (MMDR) Amendment Act 2015
• The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015, mandated the setting up of District Mineral Foundations (DMFs) in all districts in the country affected by mining related operations.
• They are non-profit trusts to work for the interest and benefit of persons and areas affected by mining-related operation.

Pradhan Mantri Khanij Kshetra Kalyan Yojana (PMKKKY) is meant to provide for the welfare of areas and people affected by mining related operations, using the funds generated by District Mineral Foundations (DMFs).

Solution: B

Shadow Entrepreneurship:

• Shadow entrepreneurs are individuals who manage a business that sells legitimate goods and services but they do not register their businesses.
• This means that they do not pay tax, operating in a shadow economy where business activities are performed outside the reach of government authorities. This includes unlicensed taxicab services, roadside food stalls and small landscaping operations.
• India has second-highest number of shadow entrepreneurs in the world.
• Shadow entrepreneurs, offering the allure of technology-mediated services, can help release the associated distortions and frictions in the market by offering complementary services that traditional service providers may be constrained to offer or consumers might not be able to access due to lockdown constraints.
• This could produce a redistribution of old consumers towards these new markets provided through technology and also entry of new consumers.
• Shadow entrepreneurialism may spike short-run welfare effects with technology mediated access; they could create perverse welfare consequences in the long run

Solution: B

The Section 3 of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 provides for constitution of the Forest Advisory Committee to advise the Government with regards to grant of approval under Section 2 of the Act and on other matters that may be referred to it by the Government.

-The Forest Advisory Committee is a key statutory body which considers questions on the diversion of forest land for non-forest uses such as mining, industrial projects, townships and advises the government on the issue of granting forest clearances.

Composition of the Forest Advisory Committee : – (1) The Forest Advisory Committee shall be composed of the following members, namely : (i) the Director General of Forests, Ministry of Environment and Forests – Chairperson. (ii) the Additional Director General of Forests, Ministry of Environment and Forests – Member.

Solution: B

The given statements refer to Pipli (Orissa). This form of embroidery was developed initially to make the rath procession hangings for the Puri Temple, but is now used for garden umbrellas, cushions and for other urban needs.

Solution: B

Bṛhatkathā is an ancient Indian epic, said to have been written by Guṇāḍhya in a poorly-understood language known as Paiśācī. Hence, pair 1 is incorrectly matched.

The famous Sanskrit grammar ‘Katantra’ was written by Sarvavarmancharya. Hence, pair 2 is incorrectly matched.

Buddhacharita is an epic poem in the Sanskrit mahakavya style on the life of Gautama Buddha by Aśvaghoṣa, composed in the early second century CE. Of the poem’s 28 cantos, the first 14 are extant in Sanskrit complete. Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched.

Solution: A

‘Invest India’ is India’s official agency dedicated to investment promotion and facilitation. It is a not-for-profit, single window facilitator, set up in 2010 for prospective overseas investors and to those aspiring Indian investors desiring to invest in foreign locations, and acts as a structured mechanism to attract investment. Invest India is essentially an Investment Promotion Agency in India.

Solution: B

The Portuguese, the first Europeans to come to India, were also the last to leave this land. It was 1961 before the Government of India recaptured Goa, Daman and Diu from them.

The Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India was the first recorded trip made directly from Europe to India via the Cape of Good Hope, in the Atlantic Ocean. It was undertaken under the command of Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama during the reign of King Manuel I in 1495–1499.

The Portuguese brought with them the same zeal to promote Christianity and the wish to persecute all Muslims. Intolerant towards the Muslims, the Portuguese were initially quite tolerant towards the Hindus. However, over time, after the introduction of the Inquisition in Goa, there was a change and Hindus were also persecuted.

Solution: A

Market Intervention Scheme (MIS) is a price support mechanism implemented on the request of State Governments for procurement of perishable and horticultural commodities in the event of a fall in market prices. The Scheme is implemented when there is at least 10% increase in production or 10% decrease in the ruling rates over the previous normal year.

Solution: B

Heptachlor is an insecticide. Plutonium is radioactive and hence not used in day to day computer/electronic items.

Solution: D

The first documented coinage is deemed to start with ‘Punch Marked‘ coins issued between the 7th-6th century BC and 1^stcentury AD. These coins are called ‘punch-marked’ coins because of their manufacturing technique. Mostly made of silver, these bear symbols, each of which was punched on the coin with a separate punch. Issued initially by merchant Guilds and later by States, the coins represented a trade currency belonging to a period of intensive trade activity and urban development. They are broadly classified into two periods: the first period (attributed to the Janapadas or small local states) and the second period (attributed to the Imperial Mauryan period). The motifs found on these coins were mostly drawn from nature like the sun, various animal motifs, trees, hills etc. and some were geometrical symbols.

Dating of regular dynastic coin issues is controversial. The earliest of these coins relate to those of the Indo-Greeks, the Saka-Pahlavas and the Kushans. These coins are generally placed between the 2nd century BC and 2nd century AD. Hellenistic traditions characterise the silver coins of the Indo-Greeks, with Greek gods and goddesses figuring prominently, apart from the portraits of the issuers. These coins with their Greek legends are historically significant, as the history of the Indo-Greeks has been reconstructed almost entirely on their evidence.

Solution: C

AVALOKITESVARA OR PADMAPANI: embodies the compassion of all Buddhas.

VAJRAPĀṆI: He is the protector and guide of Gautama Buddha and symbolizes the Buddha’s power.

MANJUSRI: associated with pragnya (insight)

KSITIGARBHA: bodhisattva of hell-beings, as well as the guardian of purgatories. Takes control between death of Buddha and raise of Maiterya.

Solution: A

The International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) is an intergovernmental organization promoting the sustainable management and conservation of tropical forests and the expansion and diversification of international trade in tropical timber from sustainably managed and legally harvested forests.

The organization was established under the International Tropical Timber Agreement (ITTA), which was sponsored by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and was ratified in 1985

Solution: A

The International Nitrogen Initiative (INI) is an international program, set up in 2003 under sponsorship of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) and from the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP).The program is currently a sustained partner of Future Earth.

The key aims of the INI are to:

• optimize nitrogen’s beneficial role in sustainable food production, and
• minimize nitrogen’s negative effects on human health and the environment resulting from food and energy production.

Solution: C

In India, the term ‘Forest Cover’ refers to “All lands, more than one hectare in area, with a tree canopy density of more than 10% irrespective of ownership and legal status. Such lands may not necessarily be ‘recorded’ forest area. It also includes orchards, bamboo and palm” (FSI, 2019). It is assessed through remote sensing. In addition, the term

‘Recorded Forest Area’ or ‘Forest Area’ refers to all the geographical areas recorded as ‘Forests’ in government records.

Solution: A

In human genetics, the Mitochondrial Eve (also mt-Eve, mt-MRCA) is the matrilineal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all living humans.

The male analog to the “Mitochondrial Eve” is the “Y-chromosomal Adam” (or Y-MRCA), the individual from whom all living humans are patrilineally descended.

Solution: B

The Global Carbon Project integrates knowledge of greenhouse gases for human activities and the Earth system. Their projects include global budgets for three dominant greenhouse gases — carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide — and complementary efforts in urban, regional, cumulative, and negative emissions.

Solution: A

Daily Earning of A+B+C = Rs 300

Daily Earning of A and C together = A + C = Rs 188— (1)

Daily Earning of B and C together = B + C = Rs 152 ….(2)

Adding (1) and (2) we get A+B+2C = 188 + 152 = Rs 340

Therefore, Daily earning of C = 340 – 300 = Rs 40.

Solution: B

Work done by A in one day = 1/6.

Work done by B in one day = 1/8

Work done by C in one day = 1/3 – (1/6+1/8) = 1/3 -7/24 = (8-7)/24 = 1/24.

A’s wage : B’s wage : C’s wage = 1/6 : 1/8 : 1/24 = 4: 3: 1

Therefore, C’s share = (1/8) * 3200 = Rs 400.

Solution: C

Work done by A in one day = 1/20.

B’s 1 day’s work ( 1/12 – 1/20) = (2/60)= 1/30.

B’s half day work = (1/30)/2 = 1/60

A and B ‘s one day work (if B work for half day) = (1/20 + 1/60) = (4/60)= 1/15

Therefore, total number of days to complete the work = 15 days.

Solution: A

Options B and C are wrong because they are not the key focus of the passage. The passage tells us about the increasing risk of vector borne diseases as a result of climate change and the efforts undertaken by scientists to deal with such threat which doesn’t necessarily lead to the inference that the

world is ill prepared, even though it might be the case. Hence option A is correct.

Solution: B

(A+B)’s 1 day’s work = (1/11 + 1/20 ) = 31/220

(A+C)’s 1 day’s work = ( 1/11 + 1/55) = 6/55
Work done in 2 days by them= ( 31/220 + 6/55) = 55/220 = ¼.
Therefore, Whole work will be done in 8 days