[Mission 2022] Insta–DART (Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test) 18 September 2021

PASSAGE 01-

Aeschylus was only the first of the great classic Greek dramatists. The generation that followed brought several other talented and powerful tragic playwrights. The most famous of these were Sophocles and Euripides. Both writers did much to expand the traditionally simple expectations of characters in plays. Sophocles’ plays feature incredibly strong-willed, modern characters who struggle with serious moral concerns, and Euripides wrote some of the most chilling psychological dramas of classical Greece.

Comic theatre also had its hero. A generation younger than Sophocles and Euripides, the comic playwright Aristophanes is today regarded as the best of the classic comic playwrights. His sometimes absurd and sometimes elegant plays demonstrate a great skill in mixing comedy with honest and sincere ideas. Aristophanes’ plays certainly contain many wild and vulgar jokes, yet they also discuss serious concerns of his time, such as politics, art and education. His work provides modern readers with some of the clearest images of the life and daily affairs of the fifth century Greeks. This literary revolution in the early part of the fifth century was not limited to the stage. The world of philosophy also experienced an awakening. Skill kills such as oration, logic and rhetoric were polished, and the study of mathematics and the sciences was encouraged. Philosophy of such as Socrates became famous for wandering about the city of Athens, engaging students and scholars in lively academic debates about morality and politics. Socrates most famous pupil, Plato, wrote a number of books and dialogues in which he explains the philosophy and thought e of his teacher and goes on to develop the ideas further His work- which deals with a wide range of theoretical concerns, such as politics, ethics and the importance of friendship – is invaluable for modern scholars who wish to understand the ancient Greek mindset.

Another very well-known philosopher of the time was Aristotle. Aristotle was, in his turn, a pupil of Plato’s, and is best known for his numerous texts dealing with the natural sciences. Interested in almost every conceivable topic, Aristotle left behind texts detailing his thoughts and questions on physics and astronomy, as well as meteorology, sleep patterns, raising animals and numerous other subjects. The age of classical Greece drew to a close with the end of the fourth century BC. Yet through its literature, classical Greece still has an enormous effect on modern Western thought and traditions. Almost all Western literature, from histories to romance novels, from thrillers to poetry, 1s rooted in classical Greek traditions. Many of the themes present in those ancient plays and poems are in fact still popular in modern literature. And even those plays that deal with uniquely modern themes still owe much in the way of technique and style to the golden age of Greece.

How did Euripides contribute to the development of tragic theatre?

1. 1. He wrote chilling stories about strong-willed, modern characters.
   2. He expanded the expectations of characters in plays.
   3. He wrote very disturbing plays.

Aeschylus was only the first of the great classic Greek dramatists. The generation that followed brought several other talented and powerful tragic playwrights. The most famous of these were Sophocles and Euripides. Both writers did much to expand the traditionally simple expectations of characters in plays. Sophocles’ plays feature incredibly strong-willed, modern characters who struggle with serious moral concerns, and Euripides wrote some of the most chilling psychological dramas of classical Greece.

Comic theatre also had its hero. A generation younger than Sophocles and Euripides, the comic playwright Aristophanes is today regarded as the best of the classic comic playwrights. His sometimes absurd and sometimes elegant plays demonstrate a great skill in mixing comedy with honest and sincere ideas. Aristophanes’ plays certainly contain many wild and vulgar jokes, yet they also discuss serious concerns of his time, such as politics, art and education. His work provides modern readers with some of the clearest images of the life and daily affairs of the fifth century Greeks. This literary revolution in the early part of the fifth century was not limited to the stage. The world of philosophy also experienced an awakening. Skill kills such as oration, logic and rhetoric were polished, and the study of mathematics and the sciences was encouraged. Philosophy of such as Socrates became famous for wandering about the city of Athens, engaging students and scholars in lively academic debates about morality and politics. Socrates most famous pupil, Plato, wrote a number of books and dialogues in which he explains the philosophy and thought e of his teacher and goes on to develop the ideas further His work- which deals with a wide range of theoretical concerns, such as politics, ethics and the importance of friendship – is invaluable for modern scholars who wish to understand the ancient Greek mindset.

Another very well-known philosopher of the time was Aristotle. Aristotle was, in his turn, a pupil of Plato’s, and is best known for his numerous texts dealing with the natural sciences. Interested in almost every conceivable topic, Aristotle left behind texts detailing his thoughts and questions on physics and astronomy, as well as meteorology, sleep patterns, raising animals and numerous other subjects. The age of classical Greece drew to a close with the end of the fourth century BC. Yet through its literature, classical Greece still has an enormous effect on modern Western thought and traditions. Almost all Western literature, from histories to romance novels, from thrillers to poetry, 1s rooted in classical Greek traditions. Many of the themes present in those ancient plays and poems are in fact still popular in modern literature. And even those plays that deal with uniquely modern themes still owe much in the way of technique and style to the golden age of Greece.

Which of the following best describes the plays written by Aristophanes?

1. 1. Funny and light-hearted, yet without purpose
   2. Serious and intellectual, discussing political ideas of the day
   3. Humorous while still putting across serious ideas

The passage given below is followed by a set of three questions. Choose the most appropriate option out of the given lour options.

Extreme heat has gripped the northern hemisphere in recent months, and the year 2018 is on track to be among the hottest ever recorded. Higher global temperatures are expected to have detrimental effects on our natural environments and our physical health, but what will they do to our mental health?

New research from an international team of scientists suggests that one of the most tangible impacts may be an increase in suicide rates.

Suicide is already among the leading causes of death worldwide. For people aged 15-55 years, it is among the top five causes of death. Worldwide nearly one million people die by suicide each year more than all deaths from war and murder combined. Using historical temperature records from the US and Mexico, the researchers showed that suicide rates increased by 0.7 per cent in the US and by 2.l per cent in Mexico when the average monthly temperatures rose by 1°C. The researchers calculated that if global temperatures continue to rise at these rates, between now and 2050 there could be 9,000 to 40,000 additional suicides in the US and Mexico alone. This 1s roughly equivalent to the number of additional suicides that follow an economic recession. It has been known for a long time that suicide rates spike during heat waves. Hotter weather has been linked with higher rates ot hospital admissions for self-harm, suicide and violent suicides, as well as increases in population- level psychological distress, particularly in combination with high humidity. Another recent study, which combined the results of previous research on heat and suicide, concluded there is a significant and positive association between temperature rises and incidence of suicide’. Why this remains unclear.

The main idea of the passage is:

The passage given below is followed by a set of three questions. Choose the most appropriate option out of the given lour options.

Extreme heat has gripped the northern hemisphere in recent months, and the year 2018 is on track to be among the hottest ever recorded. Higher global temperatures are expected to have detrimental effects on our natural environments and our physical health, but what will they do to our mental health?

New research from an international team of scientists suggests that one of the most tangible impacts may be an increase in suicide rates.

Suicide is already among the leading causes of death worldwide. For people aged 15-55 years, it is among the top five causes of death. Worldwide nearly one million people die by suicide each year more than all deaths from war and murder combined. Using historical temperature records from the US and Mexico, the researchers showed that suicide rates increased by 0.7 per cent in the US and by 2.l per cent in Mexico when the average monthly temperatures rose by 1°C. The researchers calculated that if global temperatures continue to rise at these rates, between now and 2050 there could be 9,000 to 40,000 additional suicides in the US and Mexico alone. This 1s roughly equivalent to the number of additional suicides that follow an economic recession. It has been known for a long time that suicide rates spike during heat waves. Hotter weather has been linked with higher rates ot hospital admissions for self-harm, suicide and violent suicides, as well as increases in population- level psychological distress, particularly in combination with high humidity. Another recent study, which combined the results of previous research on heat and suicide, concluded there is a significant and positive association between temperature rises and incidence of suicide’. Why this remains unclear.

Which of the following can be definitely inferred from the fourth paragraph?

The passage given below is followed by a set of three questions. Choose the most appropriate option out of the given lour options.

Extreme heat has gripped the northern hemisphere in recent months, and the year 2018 is on track to be among the hottest ever recorded. Higher global temperatures are expected to have detrimental effects on our natural environments and our physical health, but what will they do to our mental health?

New research from an international team of scientists suggests that one of the most tangible impacts may be an increase in suicide rates.

Suicide is already among the leading causes of death worldwide. For people aged 15-55 years, it is among the top five causes of death. Worldwide nearly one million people die by suicide each year more than all deaths from war and murder combined. Using historical temperature records from the US and Mexico, the researchers showed that suicide rates increased by 0.7 per cent in the US and by 2.l per cent in Mexico when the average monthly temperatures rose by 1°C. The researchers calculated that if global temperatures continue to rise at these rates, between now and 2050 there could be 9,000 to 40,000 additional suicides in the US and Mexico alone. This 1s roughly equivalent to the number of additional suicides that follow an economic recession. It has been known for a long time that suicide rates spike during heat waves. Hotter weather has been linked with higher rates ot hospital admissions for self-harm, suicide and violent suicides, as well as increases in population- level psychological distress, particularly in combination with high humidity. Another recent study, which combined the results of previous research on heat and suicide, concluded there is a significant and positive association between temperature rises and incidence of suicide’. Why this remains unclear.

According to the passage, which of the following is true?