DAY – 40( INSTA REVISION TEST – 40)INSTA REVISION PLAN 3.0, 2021

Solution: D

In March 1931, a special session of the Congress was held at Karachi to endorse the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.

Congress Resolutions at Karachi

• While disapproving of and dissociating itself from political violence, the Congress admired the ‘bravery’ and ‘sacrifice’ of the three martyrs.
• The Delhi Pact or Gandhi-Irwin Pact was endorsed.
• The goal of purna swaraj was reiterated.
• Two resolutions were adopted—one on Fundamental Rights and the other on National Economic Programme— which made the session particularly memorable.

The Resolution on Fundamental Rights guaranteed—

1. free speech and free press
2. right to form associations
3. right to assemble
4. universal adult franchise
5. equal legal rights irrespective of caste, creed and sex
6. neutrality of state in religious matters
7. free and compulsory primary education
8. protection to culture, language, script of minorities and linguistic groups

Solution: C

Gandhi-Irwin Pact

On January 25, 1931, Gandhi and all other members of the Congress Working Committee (CWC) were released unconditionally. The CWC authorised Gandhi to initiate discussions with the viceroy. As a result of these discussions, a pact was signed between the viceroy, representing the British Indian Government, and Gandhi, representing the Indian people, in Delhi on February 14, 1931. This Delhi Pact, also known as the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, placed the Congress on an equal footing with the government. Irwin on behalf of the government agreed on—

1. immediate release of all political prisoners not convicted of violence;
2. remission of all fines not yet collected;
3. return of all lands not yet sold to third parties;
4. lenient treatment to those government servants who had resigned;
5. right to make salt in coastal villages for personal consumption (not for sale);
6. right to peaceful and non-aggressive picketing; and
7. withdrawal of emergency ordinances.

The viceroy, however, turned down two of Gandhi’s demands—

(i) public inquiry into police excesses, and

(ii) commutation of Bhagat Singh and his comrades’ death sentence to life sentence.

Solution: C

Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar dedicated his entire life for the welfare of the downtrodden. In Bombay, he formed a Bahiskrit Hitkarini Sabha in July 1924 for this purpose. Later, he also organized the Akhil Bharatiya Dalit Varg Sabha to fight against caste oppression.

Jyotirao Phule in Western India established the Satya Sadhak Samaj to include self-esteem among the downtrodden.

Solution: D

Panipat and its adjacent region, located in present Haryana on the banks of the Yamuna and between the fertile plains of the Ganga and Indus rivers, have witnessed several battles. These battles changed the course of Indian history at different points of time.

• The first Battle of Panipat in 1526 was between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi.
  • The result of the battle laid the foundation of the Mughal Empire by ending the rule of the Delhi Sultanate.
• The Second Battle of Panipat in 1556 was between Akbar and Hemu; it decided in favour of the continuation of the Mughal rule.
• The Third Battle of Panipat in 1761 between the Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali put an end to the Maratha ambition of ruling over India.

Solution: B

In 1870 Sasipada Banerjea started a workingmen’s club and newspaper Bharat Shramjeevi.

In 1880 Narain Meghajee Lokhanday started the newspaper Deenbandhu and set up the Bombay Mill and Millhands Association.

Solution: B

Jyotirao Phule:

Born in 1827 in Satara district of Maharashtra. Phule was given the title of Mahatma on May 11, 1888, by Vithalrao Krishnaji Vandekar, a Maharashtrian social activist.

Social reforms and key contributions:

• His work is related mainly to eradication of untouchability and caste system, emancipation and empowerment of women, reform of Hindu family life.
• Along with his wife, Savitribai Phule, he is regarded as pioneers of women’s education in India.
• The couples were the first native Indians to open the first indigenously-run school for girls in India in August 1848 at Pune in Maharashtra.
• Later, the Phules started schools for children from the then untouchable castes such as Mahar and Mang.
• In 1863, he opened a home for pregnant Brahmin widows to give birth in a safe and secure place.
• He opened an orphanage home to avoid infanticide.In this regard, he is believed to be the first Hindu to start an orphanage for the unfortunate children.
• In 1868, Jyotirao decided to construct a common bathing tankoutside his house to exhibit his embracing attitude towards all human beings and wished to dine with everyone, regardless of their caste.
• In 1873,Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj, or the Society of Seekers of Truth, for the rights of depressed classes, to denounce the caste system and to spread rational thinking.

His famous works:

Tritiya Ratna (1855), Gulamgiri (1873), Shetkarayacha Aasud, or Cultivator’s Whipcord (1881), Satyashodhak Samajokt Mangalashtakasah Sarva Puja-vidhi (1887)

Solution: A

E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker popularly known as Periyar, was an Indian social activist, and politician who started the Self-Respect Movement and Dravidar Kazhagam.

Kudi Arasu, which translates into Republic in English, was a Tamil weekly magazine published by Periyar E. V. Ramasamy Naicker to propogate his ideas.

Solution: B

The Centre has notified the rates and norms for the Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products (RoDTEP) scheme.

• A budgetary allocation of ₹12,454 crore has been made for 2021-22 under the scheme which covers 8,555 tariff lines, accounting for about 75% of traded items and 65% of India’s exports.

About the scheme:

The scheme was announced in 2020 as a replacement for the Merchandise Export from India Scheme (MEIS), which was not compliant with the rules of the World Trade Organisation.

The scheme would refund to exporters the embedded central, state and local duties or taxes that were so far not being rebated or refunded and were, therefore, placing India’s exports at a disadvantage.

Key features:

1. To enable zero rating of exports by ensuring domestic taxes are not exported, all taxes, including those levied by States and even Gram Panchayats, will be refunded under the scheme.
2. The rebates under RoDTEP is WTO-compliant as per legal advice, range from 0.5% to 4.3% of the Free On Board value of outbound consignments.
3. The lowest rate is offered on items like chocolates, toffees and sugar confectionary, while yarns and fibres have been granted the highest rate.
4. Steel, pharma and chemicals have not been included under the scheme because their exports have done well without incentives.

Solution: B

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has announced the formation of a composite Financial Inclusion Index (FI-Index) to capture the extent of financial inclusion across the country.

• The FI-Index for the period ended March 2021 stood at 53.9 compared with 43.4 for the period ended March 2017.

About the index:

1. The annual FI-Index will be published in July every year.
2. The index incorporates details of banking, investments, insurance, postal as well as the pension sector in consultation with the government and respective sectoral regulators.
3. The index captures information on various aspects of financial inclusion in a single value ranging between 0 and 100, where 0 represents complete financial exclusion and 100 indicates full financial inclusion.
4. The FI-Index comprises three broad parameters, including access, usage and quality with each of these consisting of various dimensions computed on the basis of on several indicators.
5. It has been constructed without any ‘base year’.

Solution: D

Green Hydrogen:

Context:

Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL) is investing Rs 75,000 crore in its new business focused on clean energy, which includes solar and green hydrogen.

• The company will build four giga factories focusing on solar, storage battery, green hydrogen and a fuel cell factory, which can convert hydrogen into mobile and stationary power.

What is green hydrogen?

Hydrogen when produced by electrolysis using renewable energy is known as Green Hydrogen which has no carbon  footprint.

• The hydrogen that is in use today is produced using fossil fuels, which is the primary source.
• Organic materials such as fossil fuels and biomass are used for releasing hydrogen through chemical processes.

Significance of Green Hydrogen:

1. Green hydrogen energy is vital for India to meet its Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) Targets and ensure regional and national energy security, access and availability.
2. Green Hydrogen can act as an energy storage option, which would be essential to meet intermittencies (of renewable energy) in the future.
3. In terms of mobility, for long distance mobilisations for either urban freight movement within cities and states or for passengers, Green Hydrogen can be used in railways, large ships, buses or trucks, etc.

Applications of green hydrogen:

1. Green Chemicals like ammonia and methanol  can directly be utilized in existing applications like fertilizers, mobility, power, chemicals, shipping etc.
2. Green Hydrogen blending up to 10% may be adopted in CGD networks to gain widespread acceptance.

Benefits:

• It is a clean-burning molecule, which can decarbonize a range of sectors including iron and steel, chemicals, and transportation.
• Renewable energy that cannot be stored or used by the grid can be channelled to produce hydrogen.

What are the steps the Indian government has taken in the production of green hydrogen?

1. During the budget speech in February 2021, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced the launch of the Hydrogen Energy Mission to produce hydrogen from renewable sources.
2. In the same month, state-owned Indian Oil Corporation signed an agreement with Greenstat Norway for setting up a Centre of Excellence on Hydrogen (CoE-H). It will promote R&D projects for the production of green and blue hydrogen between Norwegian and Indian R&D institutions/universities.

Recently, India and the US have set up a task force under the aegis of the Strategic Clean Energy Partnership (SCEP) to mobilise finance and speed up green energy development.

Solution: D

Notable works done during the tenure of Lord Curzon:

 Partition of Bengal (1905)

 Official Secrets Act 1904 to curb free press

 2st Delhi Durbar out of 3 (1903)

 Appointment of Police Commission under Sir Andrew Frazer

 Appointment of Raleigh University Commission (1902)

 Passing of Indian Universities Act 1904

 2nd Swadeshi Movement (1905-1911) against Partition of Bengal by Lal-Bal-Pal-Aurbindo

Ghosh)

 Establishment of Archaeological Survey of India

 Benaras Hindu Girl’s School was established by Annie Besant in 1904.

Solution: A

Queen Victoria’s Proclamation – November 1, 1858. On November 1, 1858, a grand Darbar was held at Allahabad. Here Lord Canning sent forth the royalproclamation which announced that the queen had assumed the government of India. Thisproclamation declared the future policy of the British Rule in India.
Government of India Act of 1858
This significant Act was enacted in the wake of the Revolt of 1857—also known as the First War of Independence or the ‘sepoy mutiny’. The act known as the Act for the Good Government of India, abolished the East India Company, and transferred the powers of government, territories and revenues to the British Crown.

Features of the Act
1. It provided that India henceforth was to be governed by, and in the name
of, Her Majesty. It changed the designation of the Governor-General of India to that of Viceroy of India. He (viceroy) was the direct representative of the British Crown in India. Lord Canning thus became the first Viceroy of India.
2. It ended the system of double government by abolishing the Board of Control and Court of Directors.
3. It created a new office, Secretary of State for India, vested with complete authority and
control over Indian administration. The secretary of state was a member of the British cabinet and was responsible ultimately to the British Parliament.
4. It established a 15-member Council of India to assist the secretary of state for India. The council was an advisory body. The secretary of state was made the chairman of the council.
5. It constituted the secretary of state-in-council as a body corporate, capable of suing and being sued in India and in England. ‘The Act of 1858 was, however, largely confined to the improvement of the administrative machinery by which the Indian Government was to be supervised and controlled in England. It did not alter in any substantial way the system of government that prevailed in India

Solution: D
All of the above personalities were associated with Barahmo Samaj.

Solution: C

Lex Loci Act is the Act proposed in 1845 and passed in 1850 provided the right to inherit ancestral property to Hindu converts to Christianity.

Solution: B
The Education Commission of 1882

In 1882 the Government of India appointed a Commission, known as the Hunter Commission, “to enquire into the manner in which, effect had been given to the principles of the Woods Despatch of 1854 and to suggest such measures as it may think desirable in order to further carrying out of the policy therein laid down”.

• The Commission, inter alia, recommended the gradual withdrawal of the State from the
  direct support and management of institutions of higher education.
• With regard to vocational and technical education, the Commission recommended that
  in the particular class of high schools there should be two avenues, one leading to the
  entrance examination of the University and the other of a more practical character
  intended to fit the youth for commercial, vocational and non-literary pursuits.

Solution: C

Surendranath Banerjee was one of the earliest political leaders during the British Rule. He
founded the newspaper “The Bengalee” in 1879 and founded the Indian National Association with Anandmohan Bose, the first Indian political organization of its kind on July 26, 1876.
Dwijendranath Tagore (1840-1926) poet, philosopher, mathematician, developer of Bangla
shorthand and swaralipi (musical notations), painter and patriot, was born in the tagore family of Jorasanko in Kolkata on 11 March 1840. He was the son of Maharshi Debendranath Tagore and Sarada Devi and was the elder brother of Rabindranath Tagore. He was the founder of the weekly Hitabadi (1891).

Krishna Kumar Mitra (1852-1936) was an Indian freedom fighter, journalist and leader of the Brahmo Samaj. He is remembered for his contributions to the Swadeshi movement through his journal Sanjibani.

Solution: C
The Quit India Movement, or the August Movement, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee by Gandhiji on 8 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British Rule of India. It was started after the failure of Cripps Mission.

Solution: C
Public safety bill aimed to stop Communist movement in India by cutting it off from British &
foreign communist organizations. It called to deport the foreigners suspected of propagating socialist and communist ideas.

Solution: B
Nai Talim is a principle which states that knowledge and work are not separate. Mahatma Gandhi promoted an educational curriculum with the same name based on this pedagogical principle. It can be translated with the phrase ‘Basic Education for all’. However, the concept has several layers of meaning.

Solution: C

Indian (National) Social Conference, founded by M.G. Ranade and Raghunath Rao was
the social reform cell of the Indian National Congress. It launched the famous “Pledge
Movement” to inspire people to take an oath to prohibit child marriage.

Solution: A

Djibouti Code of Conduct:

• India joins the Djibouti Code of Conduct as Observer
• DCOC/JA is a grouping on maritime matters comprising 18 member states adjoining the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, the East coast of Africa and Island countries in the IOR.
• India joins Japan, Norway, the UK and the US as Observers to the DCOC/JA.
• The DCOC, established in January 2009, is aimed at repression of piracy and armed robbery against ships in the Western Indian Ocean Region, the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea.
• It was established under the International Maritime Organization (IMO).
•  Under the code, the signatories agreed to co-operate to the fullest possible extent in the repression of piracy and armed robbery against ships.

Solution: C

AGMARK

• AGMARKis a certification mark employed on agricultural products in India, assuring that they conform to a set of standards approved by the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection, an attached Office of the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare under Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare.
• It was set up in the year 1935 to implement the agricultural marketing policies and programmes for the integrated development of marketing of agricultural and other allied produce in the country with a view to safeguard the interests of farmers as well as the consumers.
• The AGMARKis legally enforced in India by the Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act of 1937 (and ammended in 1986).
• The present AGMARKstandards cover quality guidelines for 205 different commodities spanning a variety of Pulses, Cereals, Essential Oils, Vegetable Oils, Fruits & Vegetables, and semi-processed products like Vermicelli.

Solution: C

Sajjangarh Wildlife Sanctuary:

• It is located in Udaipur District of Rajasthan in the southern Aravalli Hills.
• The area of the sanctuary is 5.19 square kilometres which is located entirely within Girwa Tehsil of Udaipur district.
• The area was made a wildlife sanctuary in 1987.
• In 2017, an area of 28.7 square kilometres around the boundary of the sanctuary was declared to be an Eco-Sensitive Zone by the Government of India.

Solution: D

Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index

• The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report was first published in 2007 by the World Economic Forum.
• Published biennially,Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report and Index benchmarks the Travel & Tourism (T&T) competitiveness of 140 economies.

The 140 economies are ranked in four sub-indexes:

• • • Enabling environment,
    • Travel and tourism policy and enabling conditions,
    • Infrastructure, and
    • Natural and cultural resources.

Solution: C

Reserved Forests:

• Reserve forests are the most restricted forests and are constituted by the State Government on any forest land or wasteland which is the property of the Government.
• In reserved forests, local people are prohibited, unless specifically allowed by a Forest Officer in the course of the settlement.

The term was first introduced in the Indian Forest Act, 1927 in British India, to refer to certain forests granted protection under the British crown in British India, but not associated suzerainty.

Solution: B

By drawing the diagram we can say that Ramesh is in north east direction of his original position.

Solution: B

In the word, “MATERIAL” there are three vowels A, I, E.

If all the vowels are together, the arrangement is MTRL’AAEI’.

Consider AAEI as one unit. The arrangement is as follows.

M T R L A A E I

The above 5 items can be arranged in 5! ways and AAEI can be arranged among themselves in 4!/2! ways.

Number of required ways of arranging the above letters = 5! * 4!/2!

= (120 * 24)/2 = 1440 ways.

Solution: B

It is better to answer this kind of question through options.

Let the unit digit of number be: y, and tenth digit number be: x

Therefore, two digit number = 10x + y

Now, it is given that x+y = 10 —(1)

And x-y = 2 ….(2)

Now, adding Eqn (1) and (2), we get 2x= 12 or x= 6

Substituting the value of any of the eqn we get y= 4

Therefore number = 10 * 6 + 4 = 64.

Solution: C

Let the work done by A for one day = 1/21

Let the work done by B for one day = 1/14.

Therefore, when they work together, their work for one day = 1/21 + 1/14

= (2+3)/42 or 5/42

Therefore, time taken to complete the work = 42/5 = 8. 4 days.

Solution: C

Let the original number be 10x + y.

Number obtained by interchanging the digits = 10y + x

∴ (10x + y) – (10y + x) = 18

Or, x – y = 2 … (i)

Also, x + y = 6 … (ii)

From equations (i) and (ii),

x = 4 and y = 2.

∴ Original number = (10 x 4) + 2 = 42