DAY – 37( INSTA REVISION TEST – 37)INSTA REVISION PLAN 3.0, 2021

Solution: D

Both the statements are correct.

In their pursuit of reactionary policies and hope to expand their social base, the British looked for alliances with the most reactionary of social groups—the princes, zamindars, etc.

Having decided to side with the reactionary elements of Indian society, the British withdrew support to social reforms, which they felt had aroused the wrath of orthodox sections against them. Also, by encouraging caste and communal consciousness, the British helped the reactionary forces

Solution: D

Both the statements are incorrect.

The Indian Factory Act, 1881 dealt primarily with the problem of child labour (between 7 and 12 years of age).

Its significant provisions were:

• employment of children under 7 years of age prohibited,
• working hours restricted to 9 hours per day for children,
• children to get four holidays in a month,
• hazardous machinery to be properly fenced off

The Indian Factory Act, 1891

• increased the minimum age (from 7 to 9 years) and the maximum (from 12 to 14 years) for children,
• reduced maximum working hours for children to 7 hours a day,
• fixed maximum working hours for women at 11 hours per day with an one-and-a-half hour interval (working hours for men were left unregulated),
• provided weekly holiday for all.

Solution: B

Cornwallis (governor-general, 1786-93) was the first to bring into existence and organise the civil services. Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.

In 1878-79, Lytton introduced the Statutory Civil Service consisting of one-sixth of covenanted posts to be filled by Indians of high families through nominations by local governments subject to approval by the secretary of State and the viceroy. Hence Statement 2 is correct.

In 1863, Satyendra Nath Tagore became the first Indian to qualify for the Indian Civil Service. Hence Statement 3 is incorrect.

Solution: B

The Aitchison Committee on Public Services (1886), set up by Dufferin, recommended—

• dropping of the terms ‘covenanted’ and ‘uncovenanted’;
• classification of the civil service into Imperial Indian Civil Service (examination in England), Provincial Civil Service (examination in India) and Subordinate Civil Service (examination in India); and,
• raising the age limit to 23.

Solution: C

Both the statements are correct.

1808 Mayo appointed an SP for each division helped by a number of spies (goyendas) but these spies committed depredations on local people.

Bentinck (governor-general, 1828-35) abolished the office of the SP. The collector/magistrate was now to head the police force in his jurisdiction and the commissioner in each division was to act as the SP

Solution: C

Both the statements are correct.

Developments in Judiciary.

1860: It was provided that the Europeans can claim no special privileges except in criminal cases, and no judge of an Indian origin could try them.

1865: The Supreme Court and the Sadar Adalats were merged into three High Courts at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.

1935: The Government of India Act provided for a Federal Court (set up in 1937) which could settle disputes between governments and could hear limited appeals from the High Courts.

Solution: A

Under the 1919 Act, the Indian Legislative Council at the Centre was replaced by a bicameral system consisting of a Council of State (Upper House) and a Legislative Assembly (Lower House).

The Act separated for the first time the provincial and central budgets, with provincial legislatures being authorised to make their budgets.

Dyarchy in the provinces was abolished and provinces were given autonomy in Government of India Act, 1935. Hence Statement 3 is incorrect.

Solution: D

Congress party won 364 of the 489 seats in the first Lok Sabha and finished way ahead of any other challenger. The Communist Party of India that came next in terms of seats won only 16 seats. Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.

The state elections were held with the Lok Sabha elections. The Congress scored big victory in those elections as well. It won a majority of seats in all the states except Travancore-Cochin (part of today’s Kerala), Madras and Orissa. Finally even in these states the Congress formed the government. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.

The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was formed in 1951 with Shyama Prasad Mukherjee as its founder-President. Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.

Solution: A

Clement Attlee, the British prime minister, sensing the trouble all around, made an announcement on February 20, 1947. The British House of Commons declared the British intention of leaving the Indian subcontinent.

A deadline of June 30, 1948 was fixed for transfer of power even if the Indian politicians had not agreed by that time on the constitution.

Solution: D

Mountbatten Plan

(i) independence for princely states ruled out—they would join either India or Pakistan; Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.

(ii) independence for Bengal ruled out;

(iii) accession of Hyderabad to Pakistan ruled out

(Mountbatten supported the Congress on this);

(iv) freedom to come on August 15, 1947; and

(v) a boundary commission to be set up if partition was to be effected.

Solution: A

According to the system of law, a European could be tried only by a European Judge or a European Magistrate. The disqualification was unjust and it was sought to cast a needless discredit and dishonour upon the Indian-born members of the judiciary.

C.P. Ilbert, Law Member, introduced a bill in 1883 to abolish this discrimination in judiciary. But Europeans opposed this Bill strongly. Hence Statement 1 is correct and other statements are INCORRECT.

Solution: D

The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1878 under the Governor Generalship and Viceroyalty of Lord Lytton, for better control of Indian language newspapers. The purpose of the Act was to control the printing and circulation of seditious material, specifically that which could produce disaffection against the British Government in India in the minds of the masses.

It was passed on the model of irish press laws. It provided the government extensive rights to censor report and editorial in vernacular press. At the time the Vernacular Press Act was passed, there were thirty five vernacular papers in Bengal, including the Amrita Bazar Patrika.

Solution: C

The Indian Councils Act of 1861 is an important landmark in the constitutional and political history of India.
Features of the Act of 1861

Statement 1 is correct: It initiated the process of decentralisation by restoring the legislative powers to the Bombay and Madras Presidencies. It thus reversed the centralising tendency that started from the Regulating Act of 1773 and reached its climax under the Charter Act of 1833.

Statement 2 is correct: It empowered the Viceroy to issue ordinances, without the concurrence of the legislative council, during an emergency. The life of such an ordinance was six months.

Statement 3 is INCORRECT: Power of discussing budget was not provided through The Indian Councils Act of 1861.

Solution: C

Statement 1 is INCORRECT: It was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866, in collaboration with Indians and retired British officials in London.

Statement 2 is correct: It superseded the London Indian Society and was a platform for discussing matters and ideas about India, and to provide representation for Indians to the Government.

Statement 3 is INCORRECT: It was not an extremist organization.

Solution: D

All the above organisations/Personalities were associated.

The All-India Muslim Ladies Conference (Anjuman-E-Khawatn-E-Islam) was founded in 1914. Indian reformers debated not just in public meetings but through public media like newspapers and journals. Translations of writings of social reformers from one Indian language to another took place.

Within India, social reformers from Punjab and Bengal exchanged ideas with reformers from Madras and Maharashtra. Keshav Chandra Sen of Bengal visited Madras in 1864.

Pandita Ramabai travelled to different corners of the country. Some of them went to other countries. Modern social organisations like the Brahmo Samaj in Bengal and Arya Samaj in Punjab were set up.

Solution: A

The Zimmerman Plan is an Indo-German plan which aimed to bring about an all-India insurrection against British government during the time of World war I. The Jugantar party raised funds through a series of dacoities which came to be known as taxicab dacoities and boat dacoities, so as to work  ut the Indo-German conspiracy. It was planned that a guerrilla force would be organised to start an uprising in the country, with a seizure of Fort William and a mutiny by armed forces. Unfortunately for the revolutionaries, the plot was leaked out by a traitor.

Hence, option (a) is correct answer.

Solution: D

The Royal Commission on Labour or the Whitley Commission on Labour was set up in 1929 to inquire into the existing conditions of labour in industrial undertakings and plantations in India. Hence, pair 1is incorrectly matched.

Floud Commission a land revenue commission established by the government of Bengal in 1938. Hence, pair 2 is incorrectly matched.

The Sargent Scheme, formally known as the Report of the Sargent Commission on Post-War Education Development in India, was a 1944 memorandum prepared at the behest of the British-run Government of India that outlined the future development of literacy and education in India. Hence, pair 3 is incorrectly matched.

Solution: C

The Lee Commission was set up in 1924 recommended that

• Direct recruitment to ICS on basis of 50:50 parity between the Europeans and the Indians be reached in 15 years. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• the recruitments for the transferred fields like education and civil medical service be made by provincial governments. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• a Public Service Commission be immediately established (as laid down in the Government of India Act, 1919)

Solution: C

The Saddler commission(1917-18)  was set up to study and report on problems of Calcutta University but its recommendations were applicable more or less to other universities also. It reviewed the entire field from school education to university education. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

It recommended that school course should cover 12 years. Students should enter university after an intermediate stage (rather than matric) for a three-year degree course in university. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Solution: A

The Congress had organised a National Conference on Education in October 1937 in Wardha. In the light of the resolutions passed there, Zakir Hussain committee formulated a detailed national scheme for basic education.

It was based on Gandhi’s ideas published in a series of articles in the weekly Harijan.

The scheme had the following provisions:

• Inclusion of a basic handicraft in the syllabus. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• First seven years of schooling to be an integral part of a free and compulsory nationwide education system (through mother tongue). Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Solution: C

Bardoli Satyagraha took off in January 1926 when the authorities decided to increase the land revenue by 30 per cent. In February 1926, Vallabhbhai Patel was called to lead the movement. The women of Bardoli gave him the title of
“Sardar”. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

The All India Kisan Sabha founded in Lucknow in April 1936 with Swami Sahjanand Saraswati as the president and N.G. Ranga as the general secretary. A kisan manifesto was issued and a periodical under Indulal Yagnik started. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Solution: D

Jal Jeevan Mission:

• The Mission was announced in August 2019. The chief objective of the Mission is to provide piped water supply (Har Ghar Jal) to all rural households by 2024.
• It aims to create local infrastructure for rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge and management of household waste water for reuse in agriculture.
• The Jal Jeevan Mission is set to be based on various water conservation efforts like point recharge, desilting of minor irrigation tanks, use of greywater for agriculture and source sustainability.
• The Jal Jeevan Mission will converge with other Central and State Government Schemes to achieve its objectives of sustainable water supply management across the country
• The fund sharing pattern between the Centre and states is 90:10 for Himalayan and North-Eastern States, 50:50 for other states, and 100% for Union Territories.
• JJM focuses on integrated demand and supply-side management of waterat the local level
• It has been launched by Ministry of Jal Shakti

Solution: D

To convert salt water into freshwater, the most prevalent technology in the world is reverse osmosis (RO).

A plant pumps in salty or brackish water, filters separate the salt from the water, and the salty water is returned to the sea. Fresh water is sent to households.

What are the problems with RO plants?

• Deposition of brine (highly concentrated salt water) along the shores.
• Hyper salinity along the shore affects plankton, which is the main food for several of these fish species.
• The high pressure motors needed to draw in the seawater end up sucking in small fish and life forms, thereby crushing and killing them — again a loss of marine resource.
• Construction of the RO plants required troves of groundwater. This was freshwater that was sucked out and has since been replaced by salt water, rendering it unfit for the residents around the desalination plants.
• Cost and time: On an average, it costs about ₹900 crore to build a 100 MLD-plant and, as the Chennai experience has shown, about five years for a plant to be set up.
• To remove the salt required, there has to be a source of electricity, either a power plant or a diesel or battery source. Estimates have put this at about 4 units of electricity per 1,000 litres of water. It is estimated that it cost ₹3 to produce 100 litres of potable water.

Solution: D

All the statements given above are correct.

Coalbed Methane (CBM), an unconventional source of natural gas is now considered as an alternative source for augmenting India’s energy resource. India has the fifth largest proven coal reserves in the world and thus holds significant prospects for exploration and exploitation of CBM.

In order to harness CBM potential in the country, the Government of India formulated CBM policy in 1997 wherein CBM being Natural Gas is explored and exploited under the provisions of OIL Fields (Regulation & Development) Act 1948 (ORD Act 1948) and Petroleum & Natural Gas Rules 1959 (P&NG Rules 1959) administered by Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas (MOP&NG).

The Gondwana sediments of eastern India host the bulk of India’s coal reserves and all the current CBM producing blocks.

Solution: C

Sarojini Naidu represented Indian women at the second round table conference. Gandhi was the representative of Congress at the second round table conference. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

The Civil Disobedience Movement was started by Gandhi on 12 March 1930 with Dandi March. Along with 78 chosen followers, he walked from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi to break the salt law. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Answer: D

As per the passage targeting is the most crucial problem of Indian welfare schemes

1. A is wrong since passage does not confine itself to migrants
2. B is also wrong for the same reason
3. UBI is no where hinted by the pasaage it is utmost an assumption not inference.
4. Thus D is the answer. It is necessary to plug the loophole in the system so that targeting becomes efficient.

D is the answer.

Solution: A

If the squirrel climbs 6 feet in first 3 seconds and slips 3 feet in next 1second, the effective height it has climbed in four seconds is 6 – 3 = 3 feet.
We have to look for the multiples of 3 before final leap = 93-6(final jump) = 87  feet.
Since it is multiple of 3, squirrel will be at this position after equal number of climbs and slips

Therefore, to reach 87 feet, it requires 87/3 climbs and slip = 29.

Since, each climb and slip takes 4 secs, for 29 climb and slip it takes 29*4 = 116 seconds.

From the position of 87^th feet, when it climbs 6 feet in 3 seconds, it reaches the destination of 93 feet.

Therefore, total time taken = 116 + 3 = 119 seconds

Hence, option (a) is correct.

Solution: B

Let the first number of the n consecutive odd numbers be ‘a’.

Let the last number of the n consecutive odd numbers be ‘b’

Average of any ‘n’ consecutive numbers =  x

Or x = (first number + last number)/2 = (a+b)/2

If we add four more consecutive odd number to the end of the series, then in the new series,  first number remains same and last number (ie n+4 th)will be increased by 8 from previous last number(ie nth number).

Therefore, new average = (a + (b+8))/2 = (a+b)/2 + 8/2 = x+4

Hence, option (b) is correct.

Solution: A
If Rani’s 19th birthday is celebrated 6 years ago,

then age of Rani = 19+6 = 25years.

10 years from now, Rani’s age = 25+10 = 35 years.
Therefore, 10 years hence , Shamita’s father’s age = 35 × 2 = 70 years.
Present age of Shamita’s father = 70 – 10 = 60 years.
Present age of Shamita = 1/12 of 60 = 5 years.

Hence, option (a) is correct.

Solution: B
Only one of them will be selected when,
Case 1: When wife gets selected and husband doesn’t Probability = 1/12 × 6/7 = 6/84
Case 2: When husband gets selected and wife doesn’t Probability

= 1/7 × 11/12 = 11/84

Either one of the case has to occur.

Therefore, combined probability = 6/84 + 11/84 = 17/84