DAY – 20 ( INSTA REVISION TEST – 20)INSTA REVISION PLAN 3.0, 2021

Solution: B

The sarus crane is a large nonmigratory crane found in parts of the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and Australia. Sarus Crane is the world‘s tallest flying bird.

As per the Wildlife Trust of India it is also India‘s only resident breeding crane. It is omnivorous, feeding on fish and insects, as well as roots and plants.

It is also the official State bird of Uttar Pradesh. It has marked been marked as vulnerable ‘by IUCN.

Solution: A

Niche is basically the ecological or functional role of a species in an ecosystem, especially with regards to food consumption. A niche can also be described as the interactions, a species has with its biotic and abiotic environment. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

According to the competitive exclusion principle, no two species can occupy the same niche in the same environment for a long time. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Solution: A

Narmada Control Authority  has been setup under the final orders and decision of the Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal (NWDT).

The authority started functioning from 20th December, 1980.

The authority is a body corporate with representatives of the four States of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and representatives of GoI. Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.

The authority is funded in equal proportions by all the four states.

Secretary (Water Resources), GoI is the ex-officio Chairman of the Authority, whereas the routine administration is the responsibility of Executive Member of the Authority.

NCA presently has six subgroups. NCA Headquarters is located at Indore.

Solution: D

All the above are important Bird and Biodiversity Areas.

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs)

• The IBA programme of Birdlife International aims to identify, monitor and protect a global network of IBAs for conservation of the world’s birds and associated biodiversity.
• The IBAs serve as conservation areas for protection of birdsat the global, regional or sub-regional level.

http://natureconservation.in/list-of-important-bird-areas-in-india-updated/

Solution: C

Orang Tiger Reserve

It is located on the north bank of the Brahmaputra River.

It is also known as the mini Kaziranga National Park (IUCN site) since the two parks have a similar landscape made up of marshes, streams and grasslands.

The park has a rich flora and fauna, including great Indian one-horned rhinoceros, pigmy hog, elephants, wild buffalo and tigers.

It is the only stronghold of rhinoceros on the north bank of the Brahmaputra River.

Solution: B

The cinereous vulture is a large raptorial bird that is distributed through much of Eurasia. It is also known as the black vulture, monk vulture, or Eurasian black vulture. It is a member of the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as kites, buzzards and harriers. They migrate from the mountainous regions of Europe and Asia to warmer places, including India.

It is classified as Near Threatened under the IUCN Red List.

Solution: C

Both the statements are correct.

Manas National Park:

• A national park, UNESCO Natural World Heritage site, a Project Tiger reserve, an elephant reserve and a biosphere reservein Assam, India.
• Located in the Himalayan foothills, it is contiguous with the Royal Manas National Park in Bhutan.
• The park is known for its rare and endangered endemic wildlife such as the Assam roofed turtle, hispid hare, golden langur and pygmy hog.
• Manas is famous for its population of the wild water buffalo.

Nameri National Park:

• Situated in the foothills of the eastern Himalayas.
• The vegetation type is of semi-evergreen, moist deciduous forests with cane and bamboo brakes and narrow strips of open grassland along rivers.

Solution: A

The Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) is an ungulate that is endemic to the Nilgiri Hills and the southern portion of the Western Ghats in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala in Southern India.

Royal Bengal Tiger Range:

Indian Rhinoceros Range:

Solution: C

Ministry of Environment & Forests has issued Notification on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of developmental projects, 1994 under the provisions of Environment (Protection) Act,1986.

The Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (informally called the Espoo Convention) is a United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) convention signed in Espoo, Finland, in 1991 that entered into force in 1997. The Convention sets out the obligations of Parties—that is States that have agreed to be bound by the Convention—to carry out an environmental impact assessment of certain activities at an early stage of planning. It also lays down the general obligation of States to notify and consult each other on all major projects under consideration that are likely to have a significant adverse environmental impact across boundaries.

Solution: B

Water vapor is the largest contributor to the Earth’s greenhouse effect. On average, it probably accounts for about 60% of the warming effect.

Water vapor accounts for the largest percentage of the greenhouse effect, between 36% and 66% for clear sky conditions and between 66% and 85% when including clouds. Water vapor concentrations fluctuate regionally, but human activity does not directly affect water vapor concentrations except at local scales, such as near irrigated fields. Indirectly, human activity that increases global temperatures will increase water vapor concentrations, a process known as water vapor feedback.

Solution: D

Syngas is an abbreviation for synthesis gas, which is a mixture comprising of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. The syngas is produced by gasification of a carbon containing fuel to a gaseous product that has some heating value. Some of the examples of syngas production include gasification of coal emissions, waste emissions to energy gasification, and steam reforming of coke.

The name syngas is derived from the use as an intermediate in generating synthetic natural gas and to create ammonia or methanol. It is a gas that can be used to synthesize other chemicals, hence the name synthesis gas, which was shortened to syngas. Syngas is also an intermediate in creating synthetic petroleum to use as a lubricant or fuel.

Syngas has 50% of the energy density of natural gas. It cannot be burnt directly, but is used as a fuel source.

Solution: C

Ozone is found in two different layers of the atmosphere.

• Ozone in the troposphere is “bad” because it dirties the air and helps to form smog, which is not good to breathe.
• Ozone in the stratosphere is “good” because it protects life on Earth by absorbing some of the sun’s harmful Ultra Violet (UV) rays.

The ozone layer is very important because the configuration of the ozone molecule and its chemical properties are such that ozone efficiently absorbs ultraviolet light, thus acting like a sun-screen.

Solution: D

Cirrus cloud thinning (CCT):

• CCT is almost the opposite of marine cloud brightening. High-altitude Cirrus clouds are thin and whispy, so they don’t reflect much solar radiation back into space, and instead trap long-wave radiation on earth.
• CCT proposes thinning them further through cloud seeding, letting more long-wave radiation escape.

Space reflectors:

• Technologies like giant mirrors in space or umbrellas in orbit can be built to reflect sunlight away and keep the planet cooler.

Marine cloud brightening:

• Another idea is to increase the Earth’s ‘albedo’, which is the measure of amount of solar radiation the planet reflects back than it absorbs.

Stratospheric aerosol injection:

• The idea is to simulate the cooling effects of volcanic eruptions, and enhancing the reflectivity of marine clouds.

Solution: C

Salient features of India’s INDC

• To put forward and further propagate a healthy and sustainable way of living based on traditions and values of conservation and moderation.
• To adopt a climate-friendly and a cleaner path than the one followed hitherto by others at corresponding level of economic development.
• To reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35 per cent by 2030 from 2005 level.
• To achieve about 40 per cent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030, with the help of transfer of technology and low-cost international finance, including from Green Climate Fund. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
• To create an additional carbon sink of 5 to 3 billion tons of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030.

Solution: B

GEEREF is an innovative Fund-of-Funds catalyzing private sector capital into clean energy projects in developing countries and economies in transition.

GEEREF IN A NUTSHELL

• GEEREF is a Fund-of-Funds advised by the European Investment Bank Group.
• GEEREF invests in private equity funds which focus on renewable energy and energy efficiency projects in emerging markets.
• GEEREF’s funds concentrate on infrastructure projects that generate clean power through proven technologies with low risk.
• GEEREF’s funds target attractive financial investments that also deliver a strong positive environmental and developmental impact.
• GEEREF has invested in 15 funds across Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean.
• GEEREF’s investment period closed in the end of May 2019 and it is now fully invested.

Solution: C

Permaculture is a set of design principles centered on whole systems thinking, simulating, or directly utilizing the patterns and resilient features observed in natural ecosystems. It uses these principles in a growing number of fields from regenerative agriculture, rewilding, and community resilience.

The term permaculture was coined by David Holmgren, then a graduate student at the Tasmanian College of Advanced Education’s Department of Environmental Design, and Bill Mollison, senior lecturer in Environmental Psychology at University of Tasmania, in 1978. It originally meant “permanent agriculture”, but was expanded to stand also for “permanent culture”.

Solution: C

An Ecotone describes an area that acts as a transition or boundary between two ecosystems. This could be, for example, an area of marshland between a river and the riverbank, a clearing within a forest or a much larger area such as the transition between Arctic Tundra and Forest biomes in Northern Siberia.

As this area is inevitably influenced by the two bordering ecosystems, it is
therefore a consequence of this that a higher density of organisms and variety of species can be found within an Ecotone. This increase in biodiversity is referred to as the “edge effect”.

An Ecotone can be formed naturally – through abiotic factors such as changes
in soil composition – but can also be created through the result of human
interaction. Clearing of forest areas or irrigation are examples of this.
Examples of Ecotone ecosystem are Mangroves, Estuaries and Marshes etc

Solution: A

The Award recognises as well as celebrates the achievements of leading artists and cultural figures whose leadership inspires inclusive and sustainable change.

Crystal award is awarded by the World Economic Forum (WEF) annually and It Hosted by World Economic Forum’s World Arts Forum.

Solution: C

The International Competition Network is an informal, virtual network that seeks to facilitate cooperation between competition law authorities globally. It was established in 2001 after the publication of a Final Report of the International Competition Policy Advisory Committee to the US Attorney General and Assistant Attorney General for Antitrust. Competition law experts in the US recommended that increased collaboration with overseas authorities could contribute to the coordination of enforcement and sharing of information on competition policy globally. It comprised 132 member states from 120 competition jurisdiction exclusively devoted to international competition enforcement.

It provides competition authorities with a specialized and informal platform for addressing practical concerns. It enables sharing experiences and adopting international best practices.

Solution: D

The Eurasian Economic Union is an economic union of states located primarily in northern Eurasia. The Treaty aiming for the establishment of the EAEU was signed on 29 May 2014 by the leaders of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, and came into force on 1 January 2015. Treaties aiming for Armenia’s and Kyrgyzstan’s accession to the Eurasian Economic Union were signed on 9 October and 23 December 2014, respectively.

Armenia’s accession treaty came into force on 2 January 2015. Kyrgyzstan’s accession treaty came into effect on 6 August 2015 The Eurasian Economic Union comprises Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. The Eurasian economic union has an integrated single market of 183 million people and a gross domestic product of 4 trillion U.S dollars.

Solution: B

Amazon will empower brands in India to directly remove a seller’s listings from its platform through a new programme called Project Zero.

The aim is to ensure that customers receive authentic goods when shopping on Amazon. It introduces additional proactive mechanisms and powerful tools to identify, block and remove counterfeits.

Solution: C

Prithvi-2 is capable of carrying 500 to 1,000 kg of warheads, both conventional as well as nuclear. It has a strike range of 350 kilometres. It uses an advanced inertial guidance system with manoeuvering trajectory to hit its target.

It is India’s first missile indigenously developed by DRDO under prestigious Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP).

It is a surface-to-surface tactical missile with a strike range of 350 km.

Solution: C

A Volcano called Taal on the island of Luzon, 50 km from Manila, Philippines erupted on 12th January, 2020. Taal is classified as a “complex” volcano by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS).

Taal has erupted more than 30 times in the last few centuries. Its last eruption was on October 3, 1977. An eruption in 1965 was considered particularly catastrophic, marked by the falling of rock fragments and ashfall.

Solution: D

Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) came into existence in 1978 after passing of the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, 1961. Hence Statement 1 is correct.

It serves as a deposit insurance and credit guarantee for banks in India fully owned subsidiary of and is governed by the Reserve Bank of India. Hence Statement 2 is correct.

Currently, in case of a bank collapse, a depositor can claim an amount up to a maximum of ₹ 1 lakh per account as the insurance cover (even if the deposit in their account is greater than ₹ 1 lakh).  Hence Statement 3 is incorrect. This amount is termed ‘deposit insurance’ the insurance cover against the deposits of an individual in banks.

Solution: C

All the statements given above are correct.

Bar-headed goose (Anser Indicus) is reportedly sighted first time in Karingali Puncha Wetlands, Kerala.

Bar-headed geese are found in central China and Mongolia and they breed there. They start migration to the Indian sub-continent during the winter and stay here till the end of the season.

They are one of the birds which can fly even at very high altitude. They come to India and return to their homes by crossing the Himalayan ranges capacity of bar-headed geese to transport and consume oxygen at high rates in hypoxia distinguishes this species from similar lowland waterfowl.

It is a Least Concern Species.

Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
Given that distance = 63 km.
Let original speed of train = x km/hr.
Time = distance / time = 63/x hrs.
And it travels a distance of 72 km at an average speed of 6 km/hr more than the original speed.
Distance = 72 km; speed = (x + 6) km/hr.
Time = 72/(x+6) hrs.
If it takes 3 hours to complete the whole journey
63/x + 72/(x + 6) = 3 hrs
⇒ 63(x + 6) + 72x = 3x(x + 6)
⇒ 21(x + 6) + 24x = x(x+6)
⇒ 45x + 21×6 = x2 + 6x
⇒x2 – 39x – 126 = 0
⇒ (x – 42)(x + 3) = 0
∴ x = 42 km/hr
∴Theoriginal average speed = 42 km/hr

Correct Answer : C

Answer Justification :

Use the net change method concept.
100 ==10% profit ==> 110 == 10% loss ==> 99.
100 become 99, so 1% of loss occurs

Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Let x questions be there with 10 marks for each question.
Maximum marks = 10x
8*5 = 40% of 10x
x = 10

Correct Answer: C
The opposite faces of the cube will be:
B – I
Y – V
G – O

Solution: A
Class start at 11:00 am
Class ends at 02:27 pm
So, duration of class = 3h 27min = 207 min
There will be 4 periods.
After every period, there will be a 5 min break.
Here, only 3 breaks will be taken as there are only 4 periods and end of 4th period means end of the
class.4th break is not needed to be considered.
So, duration of the periods = 207 – 3×5 = 192 min.
Time assigned to each period = 192/4 =48min.