[MISSION 2022] INSIGHTS CURRENT AFFAIRS ( 19 August 2021) REVISION THROUGH MCQS

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• S1: The Collegium of judges is the Supreme Court’s invention. It does not figure in the Constitution, which says judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts are appointed by the President and speaks of a process of consultation.
• S2: High Court judges are recommended by a Collegium comprising the CJI and two senior-most judges.
  • The proposal, however, is initiated by the Chief Justice of the High Court concerned in consultation with two senior-most colleagues. The recommendation is sent to the Chief Minister, who advises the Governor to send the proposal to the Union Law Minister.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/08/19/supreme-court-collegium/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• S1: It is a statutory body established on 12th October, 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA), 1993.
• S2: The Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2019 provide that chairperson is a retired chief justice of India or a judge of the Supreme Court.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/08/19/criminal-justice-reforms/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• Madhav Menon Committee: It submitted its report in 2007, suggesting various recommendations on reforms in the Criminal Justice System of India (CJSI).
• Malimath Committee Report: It submitted its report in 2003 on the Criminal Justice System of India (CJSI).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/08/19/criminal-justice-reforms/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Article 25 gives to all persons the right to freely profess, practice and propagate religion. This right, however, is not absolute. The opening words of Article 25(1) make this right subject to public order, morality, and health. The same restriction also applies to the other provisions of Part III of the Constitution. This would mean that the right given to a person under 25(1) can be curtailed or regulated if the exercise of that right would violate other provisions of Part III of the Constitution, or if the exercise thereof is not in consonance with public order, morality and health and it cannot be violated by any person in exercise of his freedom of conscience or his freedom to profess his religion.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/08/19/gujarat-anti-conversion-law/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• The MHA has amended the Foreigners (Tribunals) Order, 1964,
• Changes proposed as per the amendment:
  • It has empowered district magistrates in all States and Union Territories to set up tribunals to decide whether a person staying illegally in India is a foreigner or not.
  • The amended Foreigners (Tribunal) Order, 2019 also empowers individuals to approach the Tribunals.
  • The amended order also allows District Magistrates to refer individuals who haven’t filed claims against their exclusion from NRC to the Tribunals to decide if they are foreigners or not.
• Extra information: A civil officer or a minor judicial officer in specific areas is called as Magistrate. The mandate of Magistrate is to handle minor cases. A judge has more power than a magistrate.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/08/19/what-are-detention-centres-for-foreigners/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• External Affairs Minister, S. Jaishankar has announced the rollout of a technological platform in partnership with the UN — ‘UNITE Aware’ — to help enhance the safety of UN peacekeepers. The platform has been used in four UN missions.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/08/19/un-peacekeepers-2/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Hirakud Dam is built across the Mahanadi River, about 15 kilometres from Sambalpur in the state of Odisha in India. It is the longest dam in the world.
• Cattle Island:
  • Cattle island is one of three islands in the Hirakud reservoir.
  • It has been recently selected as a sightseeing destination by Odisha Forest and Environment Department.
  • The island is a submerged hill, and before the construction of Hirakud Dam it was a developed village.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/08/19/mission-2022-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-19-august-2021/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• This festival is celebrated by Tiwa tribesmen to mark their good harvest.
• Tiwa also known as Lalung is indigenous community inhabiting the states of Assam and Meghalaya and are also found in some parts of Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/08/19/mission-2022-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-19-august-2021/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• What Are Stem Cells?
  • Stem cells are special human cells that are able to develop into many different cell type This can range from muscle cells to brain cells. In some cases, they can also fix damaged tissues.
• Stem cells are divided into 2 main forms. They are embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.
  • Embryonic stem cells: The embryonic stem cells used in research today come from unused embryos. These result from an in vitro fertilization procedure. They are donated to science. These embryonic stem cells are pluripotent. This means that they can turn into more than one type of cell.
    • Embryonic stem cells could be grown into more specialized cells for screening potential drugs
  • Adult stem cells. There are 2 types of adult stem cells.
    • One type comes from fully developed tissues such as the brain, skin, and bone marrow. There are only small numbers of stem cells in these tissues. They are more likely to generate only certain types of cells. For example, a stem cell that comes from the liver will only make more liver cells.
    • The second type is induced pluripotent stem cells. These are adult stem cells that have been changed in a lab to be more like embryonic stem cells. Scientists first reported that human stem cells could be changed in this way in 2006. Induced pluripotent stem cells don’t seem to be different from embryonic stem cells, but scientists have not yet found one that can develop every kind of cell and tissue.

Refer: Improvisation of Q4 (Set-B) of UPSC CSE 2020

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• S1: This makes sense because short-term FII money is volatile. So, 1 is correct.
• S2: This will further increase India’s exposure to foreign money and may in fact aggravate financial crisis. So, 2 is wrong.
• S3: Full CAC implies free movement of currency out of the country for both current and capital account transactions such as short-term and long-term debt. This will only make India more vulnerable to such a crisis. So, 3 is wrong.

Refer: UPSC CSE 2020