DAY – 8 ( INSTA REVISION TEST – 8)INSTA REVISION PLAN 3.0, 2021

Solution: D

Distribution of population is affected by geographical, socio-cultural , economic and political factors.

Fertile soils provide suitable land for agriculture. Fertile plains such as Ganga and Brahmaputra in India, Hwang-He, Chang Jiang in China and the Nile in Egypt are densely populated. Thus, soil affects the distribution of population.

People always prefer to live on plains rather than mountains and plateaus because these areas are suitable for farming, manufacturing and service activities. Thus, topography affects the distribution of population.

People usually avoid extreme climates that are very hot or very cold like Sahara desert, polar regions of Russia, Canada and Antarctica. Thus, climate affects the distribution of population.

Solution: D

The reasons that can be attributed to the frequent landslides and debris avalanches in Himalayan region are

(i) The Himalayas are tectonically active. Thus, tectonically unstable.

(ii) They are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated
and semi-consolidated deposits.

(iii) The slopes are very steep.

Solution: D

The Strait of Hormuz is a strait between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. It provides the only sea passage from the Persian Gulf to the open ocean.

The Dardanelles Strait, a vital transportation bridge between the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea, is a narrow channel of water that connects the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara.

It separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey thus it also separates the two continents.

The Bosporus Strait connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara. It also separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey, thus it separates the two continents.

Solution: B

The population change refers to change in the number of people during a specific time. Births are usually measured using the birth rate i.e. the number of live births per 1,000 people.

Births and deaths are the natural causes of population change. The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a country is called the natural growth rate.

Solution: A

Lake Michigan is located entirely within the USA. It is the second largest of the Great Lakes by volume and the third largest the Great Lakes by area. Lake Michigan connects to Lake Huron through the Straits of Mackinac.

Lake Baikal is situated in southern Siberia and is the world’s largest freshwater lake, accounting for about 22% of all fresh surface water in the world. It is the world’s second-largest lake by volume. Lake Baikal is also the deepest lake in the world.

The Blue Nile is a river originating at Lake Tana in Ethiopia. With the White Nile, it is one of the two major tributaries of the Nile. The Blue Nile joins the White Nile at Khartoum and, as the Nile, flows through Egypt to the Mediterranean Sea at Alexandria.

Solution: C

Mulching is a method of soil conservation where the bare ground between plants is covered with a layer of organic matter like straw. It helps to retain soil moisture.

Shelter Belts is a method of soil conservation practiced in the coastal and dry regions in which rows of trees are planted to check the wind movement to protect soil cover.

Solution: B

The Kiruna mine is the largest and most modern underground iron ore mine in the world. The mine is located in Kiruna in Norrbotten County, Lapland, Sweden.

Gällivare is located in a major iron ore mining region.

Solution: B

The Amazon River in South America is the largest river by discharge volume of water in the world. The Amazon enters Brazil with only one-fifth of the flow it finally discharges into the Atlantic Ocean.

The Mississippi River is the second-longest river and chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent. It joins the River Missouri at St. Louis.

The Grand Inga Dam is a proposed hydroelectric dam on the Congo River at Inga Falls in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Solution: A

Shifting cultivation is widely practiced by many tribes in the tropics, especially in Africa, South and Central America and southeast Asia. It is prevalent in tropical region in different names, e.g. Jhuming in North eastern states of India, Milpa in Central America and Mexico and Ladang in Indonesia and Malaysia.

Solution: B

Orange River, river in southern Africa, one of the longest rivers on the continent and one of the longest south of the Tropic of Capricorn.

Along its course the river forms the boundary between Namibia and South Africa.

Solution: D

Small Satellite Launch Vehicle:

• ISRO has completed the design of SSLV which can place a 500 kg payload at a height of 500 km in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
• It has three solid motor stages with a lift off mass of 120 tonnes.
• It is shorter in length than the PSLV and GSLV.
• It can accommodate multiple satellites like the PSLV and GSLV, albeit smaller ones.
• Unlike the PSLV and GSLV, the SSLV can be assembled both vertically and horizontally.

Solution: C

Electoral Bonds Scheme:

• It is a promissory note which can be bought by any Indian citizen or company incorporated in India
• It can be donated to any eligible political party.
• SBI has been authorised to issue and encash Electoral Bonds through its 29 Authorized Branches across the country.
• Any individual, groups of individuals, NGOs, religious and other trusts can buy Electoral Bonds through cheque/digital payment, either singly or jointly with other individuals by approaching the banks.
• The SBI is the only bank authorised to sell these bonds to the donor, who in turn anonymously donates these bonds to the political party.
• Electoral Bonds shall be received only by the Political Parties registered under Section 29A of the Representation of People Act, 1951.

Solution: C

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS):

• United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982, alsoknown as Law of the Sea divides marine areas into five main zones namely- Internal Waters, Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the High Seas.
• UNCLOS is the only international conventionwhich stipulates a framework for state jurisdiction in maritime spaces. It provides a different legal status to different maritime zones.
• It provides the backbone for offshore governance by coastal states and those navigating the oceans. It not only zones coastal states’ offshore areas but also provides specific guidance for states’ rights and responsibilities in the five concentric zones.
• India ratified the UNCLOS in 1995

The United Nations has no direct operational role in the implementation of the Convention. While the Secretary-General of the United Nations receives instruments of ratification and accession and the UN provides support for meetings of states party to the Convention, the United Nations Secretariat has no direct operational role in the implementation of the Convention.

Solution: A

National Population register (NPR):

• The National Population Register (NPR) is a comprehensive identity database maintained by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India under Ministry of Home Affairs.
• It is a Register of “usual residents of the country” and will be prepared at the local, sub-district, district, state and national level.
• The NPR is being prepared under provisions of the Citizenship Act 1955 and the Citizenship (Registration of Citizens and issue of National Identity Cards) Rules, 2003. It is mandatory for every “usual resident of India” to register in the NPR.
• The NPR will collect both demographic data and biometric data. Biometric data will be updated through Aadhar details.

Solution: D

Majuli Island:

• It is the world’s largest river island located in the Brahmaputra River, Assam.
• In 2016, it became the first island to be made a district in India.
• The island is formed by the River Subansiri in the north and River Brahmaputra in the south.
• The island is the nerve centre of neo-Vaishnavite culture. It has many ‘Sattras’ (religious and cultural institutions).
• The tribal communities living on the island include the Misings, the Deoris, and the Sonowal Kacharis.

Solution: B

Delimitation Commission

• Delimitation is carried out by an independent Delimitation Commission.
• The Constitution mandates that its orders are final and cannot be questioned before any court as it would hold up an election indefinitely.
• Under Article 82, the Parliament enacts a Delimitation Act after every Census.
• Once the Act is in force, the Union government sets up a Delimitation Commission.
• Composition: The commission is made up of a retired Supreme Court judge, the Chief Election Commissioner and the respective State Election Commissioners.
• Functions: The Commission is supposed to determine the number and boundaries of constituencies in a way that the population of all seats, so far as practicable, is the same. The Commission is also tasked with identifying seats reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes; these are where their population is relatively large.
• All this is done on the basis of the latest Census and, in case of difference of opinion among members of the Commission, the opinion of the majority prevails.
• The draft proposals of the Delimitation Commission are published in the Gazette of India, official gazettes of the states concerned and at least two vernacular papers for public feedback.
• The Commission also holds public sittings. After hearing the public, it considers objections and suggestions, received in writing or orally during public sittings, and carries out changes, if any, in the draft proposal.
• The final order is published in the Gazette of India and the State Gazette and comes into force on a date specified by the President.

Solution: C

Private member’s Bill:

• Any MP who is not a Minister is referred to as a private member.
• The admissibility is decided by the Chairman for Rajya Sabha and Speaker in the case of Lok Sabha.
• The procedure is roughly the same for both Houses:
• The Member must give at least a month’s notice before the Bill can be listed for introduction.
• The House secretariat examines it for compliance with constitutional provisions and rules on legislation before listing.
• While government Bills can be introduced and discussed on any day, private member’s Bills can be introduced and discussed only on Fridays.
• As per PRS Legislative, no private member’s Bill has been passed by Parliament since 1970. To date, Parliament has passed 14 such Bills, six of them in 1956. In the 14th Lok Sabha, of the over 300 private member’s Bills introduced, roughly four per cent were discussed, the remaining 96 per cent lapsed without a single dialogue.

Solution: A

Gram Nyayalayas

• Gram Nyayalayas or village courts are established under the Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008 for speedy and easy access to justice system in the rural areas of India.
• The Act came into force from 2 October 2009.
• The Gram Nyayalayas are presided over by a Nyayadhikari, who will have the same power, enjoy same salary and benefits of a Judicial Magistrate of First Class. Such Nyayadhikari are to be appointed by the State Government in consultation with the respective High Court.
• A Gram Nyayalaya have jurisdiction over an area specified by a notification by the State Government in consultation with the respective High Court.
• The Court can function as a mobile court at any place within the jurisdiction of such Gram Nyayalaya, after giving wide publicity to that regards.
• They have both civil and criminal jurisdiction over the offences.
• The pecuniary jurisdiction of the Nyayalayas are fixed by the respective High Courts.
• Gram Nyayalayas has been given power to accept certain evidences which would otherwise not be acceptable under Indian Evidence Act.
• Gram Nyayalayas can follow special procedures in civil matters, in a manner it deem just and reasonable in the interest of justice.
• Gram Nyayalayas allow for conciliation of the dispute and settlement of the same in the first instance.
• Gram Nyayalayas are not be bound by the rules of evidence provided in the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 but shall be guided by the principles of natural justice and subject to any rule made by the High Court.

Appeals:

• Appeal in criminal cases shall lie to the Court of Session, which shall be heard and disposed of within a period of six months from the date of filing of such appeal.
• Appeal in civil cases shall lie to the District Court, which shall be heard and disposed of within a period of six months from the date of filing of the appeal.

Solution: B

The Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TTAADC) has passed resolutions to codify the customary laws of three tribal clans- Mizo, Kaipeng and Malsom.

Other tribes in Tripura:

• Bhil.
• Bhutia.
• Chaimal.
• Chakma.
• Garo.
• Halam.
• Jamatia.
• Khashia.
• Kuki.
• Lepcha.
• Lushai.
• Mog.
• Munda.
• Noatia.
• Orang.
• Reang

Solution: D

Law commission of India:

• Law Commission of India is neither a constitutional body nor a statutory body, it is an executive body established by an order of the Government of India. Its major function is to work for legal reforms.
• Originally formed in 1955, the commission is reconstituted every three years and so far, 277 reports have been submitted to the government.
• The last Law Commission, under Justice B.S. Chauhan (retd.), had submitted reports and working papers on key issues such as simultaneous elections to the Lok Sabha and the Assemblies and a uniform civil code.
• Recommendations are NOT binding

Composition:

• Apart from having a full-time chairperson, the commission will have four full-time members, including a member-secretary.
• Law and Legislative Secretaries in the Law Ministry will be the ex-officio members of the commission.
• It will also have not more than five part-time members.
• A retired Supreme Court judge or Chief Justice of a High Court will head the Commission.

Roles and functions:

• The Law Commission shall, on a reference made to it by the Central Government or suo motu, undertake research in law and review of existing laws in India for making reforms and enacting new legislation.
• It shall also undertake studies and research for bringing reforms in the justice delivery systems for elimination of delay in procedures, speedy disposal of cases, reduction in cost of litigation, etc.

Solution: B

Bhavantar Bhugtan Yojana is a scheme of the Government of Madhya Pradesh whereby the government pays farmers the difference between official Minimum Support Price and the rate at which they sell their crops or Model Price whichever is higher.

Rythu Bandhu scheme also Farmers’ Investment Support Scheme (FISS) is a welfare program to support farmer’s investment for two crops a year by the Government of Telangana. The government is providing 58.33 lakh farmers, ₹5000 per acre per season to support the farm investment, twice a year, for rabi (Yasangi) and kharif(Rainy) seasons. This is a first direct farmer investment support scheme in India, where the cash is paid directly.

Krushak Assistance for Livelihood and Income Augmentation (KALIA) is a support scheme of Odisha whose primary targets are small farmers, cultivators and landless agricultural labourers. The scheme involves payments to encourage cultivation and associated activities.

Solution: D

Pakke tiger reserve:

• Why in News? Arunachal Pradesh State government is planning to build a 692.7 km highway through the Pakke Tiger Reserve (PTR) in East Kameng district. Named the East-West Industrial Corridor, the highway aims to connect Bhairabhunda in West Kameng district and Manmao in Changlang district along Arunachal Pradesh’s border with Assam.
• Pakke Tiger Reserve is also known as Pakhui Tiger Reserve.
• This Tiger Reserve has won India Biodiversity Award 2016 in the category of ‘Conservation of threatened species’ for its Hornbill Nest Adoption Programme.
• It is bounded by Bhareli or Kameng River in the west and north, and by Pakke River in the east.
• Neighbours: Papum Reserve Forest in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam’s Nameri National Park, Doimara Reserve Forest and Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary.
• The main perennial streams in the area are the Nameri, Khari and Upper Dikorai. West of Kameng River is Sessa Orchid Sanctuary.

Solution: C

Gram Swaraj Abhiyaan is a campaign that is being organised on the occasion of Ambedkar Jayanti during the period 14th April to 05th May, 2018.

Objectives of the campaign

The campaign is undertaken under the name of “Sabka Sath, Sabka Gaon, Sabka Vikas”.

The objective of the campaign is to promote social harmony, spread awareness about pro-poor initiatives of government, reach out to poor households to enroll them as also to obtain their feedback on various welfare programmes.

Activities to be taken up

The campaign is being held through a partnership of beneficiaries, 33 lakh elected PRIs members, 5 crore women SHG members, MLAs and MPs to achieve goals. The Central/State and Local Governments are also partners in progress.

https://vikaspedia.in/social-welfare/rural-poverty-alleviation-1/gram-swaraj-abhiyan

Solution: C

The Tropical Forest Alliance is a global public-private partnership dedicated to collaborative action to realize sustainable rural development and better growth opportunities based on reduced deforestation and sustainable land use management in tropical forest countries.

The Alliance includes more than 150 partners representing the private sector, governments, civil society organizations, indigenous peoples groups and multilateral organizations who are committed to reducing tropical deforestation associated with the production of palm oil, soy, beef and pulp and paper. TFA fosters cross-sector collaboration and involves working across Latin America, West and Central Africa and Southeast Asia to implement these commitments. Action areas for 2019 include:

• Facilitate multistakeholder support for jurisdictional approaches to sustainable land-use management by connecting jurisdictions in forest countries
• Drive 10 priority actions to reduce tropical deforestation from global agricultural supply chains, as defined in the Commodities and Forests Agenda 2020
• Support and communicate on the progress of commitments to eliminate deforestation from the production of agricultural commodities
• Engage key emerging markets in efforts to reduce commodity-driven deforestation

It was established in Rio+20 in 2012.

TFA is funded by the governments of Norway, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, Germany, and the Gordon and Betty more Foundation and hosted at the World Economic Forum.

Solution: A

Lai Haraoba is a ritualistic festival of the Meiteis observing from the ancient times. It is a ritual enactment of the creation myth. It mirrors the entire culture of Manipur and depicts the close affinities between the hill and plain people. It is in fact the combination of religious recitations, traditional music and dance, traditional social values and ancient cultural

Solution: B

The shortest distance between points O and B can be calculated by using Pythagoras theorem.

Using Pythagoras theorem, we get:

OB = (5² – 4²)^0.5 = (25 – 16)^0.5 = (9)^0.5 = 3 cm

Solution: D

Let the normal speed of Manish be x km/h.

Then, the increased speed of Manish = (x + 4) km/h

Total distance = 80 km.

Now, Time = (Distance/speed)

Hence, according to the question, we get:

(80/x)- [80/(x+4)]= 1

+ 4x – 320 = 0

x(x + 20) – 16(x + 20) = 0

(x + 20) (x – 16) = 0

Hence, x = 16 km/h

Thus, the increased speed of Manish = (x + 4) km/h = 16 + 4 = 20 km/h.

Solution: D

Number of plants in each row = HCF of 15, 20 and 25 = HCF of 3×5, 4×5 and 5×5 = 5

Total number of plants = 15 + 20 + 25 = 60

So, Minimum number of rows = 60/5 = 12

Solution: A

In the Above question

Option B is not true because passage through arguments shows that multiculturalism is not the effective way to build the trust because neighbors have mistrust because of other reason like economic inequality.

Option C – The passage deals with the poverty leading to mistrust – the option c beyond passage as well as not the main crux of the passage.

Option D –Although passage shows that many a time trust is impacted by economic factors but the statement Is not the main crux of the passage.

Eliminating other options Option A can be the crux of the passage and also because the passage establishes that social capital is not correlative to community consciousness but also depends on economic factors.

Solution: C

1. Statement 1 is true because passage held that mistrust and disharmony develops out of lack of inclusive growth and increase in inequality thus inclusive growth and social harmony go hand in hand.
2. Statement 2 – is also true because it is not necessary that diversity becomes the cause of mistrust because as per passage there was “no evidence” that levels of trust and co-operation was highest in the most “homogenous” neighborhoods

Thus both assumptions are correct.