DAY – 6 ( INSTA REVISION TEST – 6 )INSTA REVISION PLAN 3.0, 2021

Solution: A

Nebular Hypothesis was proposed by Pierre Simon de Laplace in 1796, which explained how the solar system was formed. The hypothesis considered
that the planets were formed out of a cloud of material associated with a youthful sun, which was slowly rotating.

The most popular argument regarding the origin of the universe is the Big Bang Theory. It is also called expanding universe hypothesis. According to the ‘The Big Bang Theory’, in the beginning, all matter forming the universe existed in one place in the form of a “tiny ball” with an unimaginably small volume, infinite temperature and infinite density.

Solution: D

Our Solar system consists of eight planets. Out of the eight planets, mercury, venus, earth and mars are called as the inner planets as they lie between the sun and the belt of asteroids the other four planets namely Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are called the outer planets. Alternatively, the first four are called Terrestrial, meaning earth-like as they are made up of rock and metals, and have relatively high densities. The rest four are called Jovian or Gas Giant planets.

Solution: B

The Eras are the second largest interval units into which the Geologic Time is divided after Eons and represented on the chart. Eras encompass major intervals of Time and are defined based on the fossil life-forms found in the rock layers, and the Law of Superposition. There are three Geologic Eras currently identified, namely the Paleozoic Era, the Mesozoic Era, and the Cenozoic Era. 

The Mesozoic Era (248 Million to 65 Million Years Ago) was important for the fossil remains of the dinosaurs and other reptiles that lived. However, the Mesozoic Era landscape was also occupied by insects, early mammals, plants such as conifers and ferns, fish, and finally flowering plants and early birds. It is further divided into Cretaceous, Jurassic and Triassic Geological periods.

Solution: B

Most of our knowledge about the interior of the earth is largely based on estimates and inferences. Yet, a part of the information is obtained through direct observations and analysis of materials.

The most easily available solid earth material is surface rock or the rocks we get from mining areas. Gold mines in South Africa are as deep as 3 – 4 km.

Volcanic eruption forms another source of obtaining direct information. As and when the molten material (magma) is thrown onto the surface of the earth, during volcanic eruption it becomes available for laboratory analysis.

Another source of information are the meteors that at times reach the earth. However, it may be noted that the material that becomes available for analysis from meteors, is not from the interior of the earth. Thus, it is an indirect source of information.

Solution: A

Earthquake waves are basically of two types — body waves and surface waves. Body waves are generated due to the release of energy at the focus and move in all directions travelling through the body of the earth.

There are two types of body waves. They are called P and S-waves. P-waves move faster and are the first to arrive at the surface.

The P-waves are similar to sound waves. They travel through gaseous, liquid and solid materials. S-waves arrive at the surface with some time lag. These are called secondary waves. An important fact about S-waves is that they can travel only through solid materials.

Solution: C

All parallel circles from the equator up to the poles are called parallels
of latitudes. Latitudes are measured in degrees. As we move away from the equator, the size of the parallels of latitude decreases.

Longitude is the measurement east or west of the prime meridian. Longitude is measured by imaginary lines that run around the Earth vertically (up and down) and meet at the North and South Poles. These lines are known as meridians. Each meridian measures one arc degree of longitude. Unlike parallels of latitude, all meridians are of equal length. Thus, it was difficult to number the meridians.

Solution: D

The earthquake events are scaled either according to the magnitude or intensity of the shock. The magnitude scale is known as the Richter scale. The magnitude relates to the energy released during the quake. The magnitude is expressed in numbers, 0-10.

The intensity scale is named after Mercalli, an Italian seismologist. The intensity scale takes into account the visible damage caused by the event. The range of intensity scale is from 1-12.

Solution: A

The Crust is the outermost solid part of the earth. It is brittle in nature. The thickness of the crust varies under the oceanic and continental areas. Oceanic crust is thinner as compared to the continental crust. The mean thickness of oceanic crust is 5 km whereas that of the continental is around 30 km.

The upper portion of the mantle is called asthenosphere. It is considered to be extending upto 400 km. It is the main source of magma that finds its way to the surface during volcanic eruptions.

The crust and the uppermost part of the mantle are called lithosphere. Its thickness ranges from 10-200 km.

Solution: A

Solution: A

The Sunda Strait is the strait between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra. It connects the Java Sea to the Indian Ocean.

Solution: C

Ports of call are the ports which originally developed as calling points on main sea routes where ships used to anchor for refuelling, watering and taking food items. Later on, they developed into commercial ports. Aden, Honolulu and Singapore are good examples.

Solution: C

When the sun, the moon and the earth are in a straight line, the height of the tide will be higher. These are called spring tides and they occur twice a month, one on full moon period and another during new moon period.

Neap tides occur when the sun and moon are at right angles to each other and the forces of the sun and moon tend to counteract one another.

Solution: C

The continental slope connects the continental shelf and the ocean basins. It begins where the bottom of the continental shelf sharply drops off into a steep slope. The slope boundary indicates the end of the continents. Canyons and trenches are observed in this region.

Seamount is a mountain with pointed summits, rising from the seafloor that does not reach the surface of the ocean. Seamounts are volcanic in origin. These can be 3,000-4,500 m tall.

Solution: B

Tso Moriri is a lake in the Ladakhi part of the Changthang Plateau in Jammu and Kashmir in Northern India. The lake and surrounding area are protected as the Tso Moriri Wetland Conservation Reserve. It is a brackish water lake. Dal is a lake in Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The urban lake, which is the second largest in the union territory, is integral to tourism and recreation in Kashmir . Hence, statement 2 is correct. Atapaka Bird Sanctuary, located in Kolleru Lake on the borders of Krishna and West Godavari districts, has been identified as the largest spot-billed pelican home in the world. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Solution: D

Solution: B

Solution: A

At Devprayag, the Bhagirathi meets the Alaknanda; hereafter, it is known as the Ganga. The Alaknanda has its source in the Satopanth glacier above Badrinath.

The Ghaghara originates in the glaciers of Mapchachungo. After collecting the waters of its tributaries – Tila, Seti and Beri, it comes out of the mountain, cutting a deep gorge at Shishapani. The river Sarda (Kali or Kali Ganga) joins it in the plain before it finally meets the Ganga at Chhapra.

The Sarda or Saryu river rises in the Milam glacier in the Nepal Himalayas where it is known as the Goriganga. Along the Indo-Nepal border, it is called Kali or Chauk, where it joins the Ghaghara.

Solution: A

Solution: D

The ranges of the Western Himalayas are more continuous compared to Eastern Himalayas.

The southernmost part of Northwest Himalayan region or Kashmir Himalayan region consists of longitudinal valleys known as ‘duns’. Jammu dun and Pathankot dun are important examples.

The Himachal and Uttarakhand Himalayas lies approximately between the Ravi in the west and the Kali (a tributary of Ghaghara) in the east. It is drained by two major river systems of India, i.e. the Indus and the Ganga. Tributaries of the Indus include the river Ravi, the Beas and the Satluj, and the tributaries of Ganga flowing through this region include the Yamuna and the Ghaghara

Solution: A

Shipki La is a mountain pass and border post on the India-China border. The river Sutlej, which is called Langqên Zangbo in Tibet, enters India near this pass. The road is an offshoot of the ancient Silk Road.

Solution: D

Black Panther:

• A black panther is the melanistic colour variant of any Panthera, particularly of the leopard in Asia and Africa, and the jaguar in the Americas.
• In India, the Black Panthers are rarely spotted, and hence are also called ‘ghosts of the forest’.
• In India, they can be found in Kabini Wildlife Sanctuary, AnshiDandeli Sanctuary (Karnataka), Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (Tamil Nadu) and TadobaAndhari Tiger Reserve (Maharashtra)

Solution: A

The Dehing Patkai Wildlife Sanctuary, also known as the Jeypore Rainforest is a part of Dehing Patkai Elephant Reserve. It is located in the districts of Dibrugarh and Tinsukia. Dehing Patkai is a deciduous rainforest interspersed with semi-evergreen and lush green flora, the only patch of virgin rainforest in Assam

Solution: C

Warkari community or also known as Bhagwat Dharma is a people followers of this community who do  Pandharpur Wari or Wari (Walking Wari) which is an annual pilgrimage (yatra) to Pandharpur from every village of Maharashtra (palanquin processions) carrying the (Footprint) of various saints – most notably Dnyaneshwar and Tukaram – by the Warkari are taken from their respective shrines to Pandharpur.

The Mising, sometimes called Miri, are an indigenous community inhabiting parts of the Indian states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. They were also known as Miris in the past and still recognized as Miris in the Constitution of India.

Siddi Tribe:

• The Siddi community is also known by different synonyms such as Habshi and Badsha.
• It is believed that they are of African origin because they clearly show the Negroid racial strain in their physical features.
• Descendants of Bantu people of East Africa, Siddi ancestors were largely brought to India as slaves by Arabs as early as the 7th Century, followed by the Portuguese and the British later on.
• When slavery was abolished in the 18th and 19th centuries, Siddis fled into the country’s thick jungles, fearing recapture and torture.
• At present, the Siddis are living on the western coast of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka states. In Karnataka, they mainly live in Dharwad, Belagavi and Uttar Kannada districts.
• In India, the Union government in 2003, classified Siddis under the list of Scheduled Tribes.
• They are included in the Centre’s list of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups
• Previously they depended on hunting and gathering but at present, their main source of livelihood is labour and agriculture.

Solution: D

M-STrIPES: Monitoring system for tigers – intensive protection and ecological status. It uses GPS to geotag photo-evidences and survey information

CaTRAT: Camera Trap data Repository and Analysis Tool + for automated segregation of camera trap photographs to species, it is being used for tiger survey

CA|TS: It is a conservation tool that sets best practice and standards to manage target species. CA|TS is a partnership of tiger range governments, inter-governmental agencies, institutions, NGOs etc.

Solution: B

National Ganga Council:

• The National Ganga Council (NGC) is an authority created in October 2016 under the River Ganga (Rejuvenation, Protection and Management) Authorities Order, 2016, dissolving the National Ganga River Basin Authority.
• In this backdrop, NGC has been established as an authority and National Mission for Clean Ganga has been also converted into an authority.
• The Council has been given overall responsibility for the superintendence of pollution prevention and rejuvenation of River Ganga Basin, including Ganga and its tributaries.
• The National Ganga Council is formed under the Environment (Protection) Act (EPA),1986.

Composition

• The Prime Minister is the ex-officio Chairperson for the NGC
• Union Minister for Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation will be the ex-officio Vice-Chairperson.
• The other ex-officio members of the council are from various ministries and CMs of the corresponding states among other stakeholders.

Jurisdiction of the NGC

The jurisdiction of the NGC shall extend to the States comprising River Ganga Basin, namely, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Haryana, and the NCR of Delhi and such other States, having major tributaries of the River Ganga.

Solution: D

Explanation:

Total matches played = 25

Matches won = 17

Matches lost = 25 – 17 = 8

Required Ratio = Matches won: Matches lost = 17: 8

Hence, option (d) is correct.

Solution: A

Explanation:

The total number of students appearing in the examination has to be a multiple of

24 (as 11 + 13 =24)

Out of the given numbers, only 24240 is a multiple of 24.

Hence, option (a) is correct.

Solution: D

Explanation:

Let number of sixes be X and number of fours be Y.

Contribution of sixes = Contribution of fours

6X = 4Y……. (i)

Total score = 6X + 4Y = 240

From (i) we can put 4Y = 6X

6X + 6X = 12 X= 240

Or X = 20

Solution: B

In the above passage

Option A – is not the message conveyed because privatisation has not been highly recommended rather the passage talk about the regulatory mechanism for both public and private and make some suggestions

Option – B – this is what the passage revolves around that regulatory system are same for both private and public , so privatisation cannot be solution for regulatory weakness .

Option C – It is opposite to what passage tells – private sector banks are more favorable than public sector banks to guarantee health of macroeconomic indicators.

Option-D – There is no suggestion in the passage to explore the PPP mode in banking.

Thus Option B is most critical message conveyed by the passage

Solution: C

In the above passage –

In statement 1 –it has been assumed by the author clearly that only privatisation will not resolve the banking sector issues, there are need of multidimensional and complex reforms thus statement 1 as assumption holds true.

In statement 2 – Because of the problem like twin balance sheet and connection of banking ills with the companies payment default, Addressing corporate concern can be solution for addressing banking sector issues.

Thus both the statements as assumptions hold true.