Insta– QUED ( Questions from Editorials. ) 6 August 2021

Solution: a)

United Nations Peacekeeping is a joint effort between the Department of Peace Operations and the Department of Operational Support. Every peacekeeping mission is authorized by the Security Council.

The financial resources of UN Peacekeeping operations are the collective responsibility of UN Member States. According to UN Charter every Member State is legally obligated to pay their respective share for peacekeeping.

UN peacekeepers (often referred to as Blue Berets or Blue Helmets because of their light blue berets or helmets) can include soldiers, police officers, and civilian personnel. Peacekeeping forces are contributed by member states on a voluntary basis. Civilian staff of peace operations are international civil servants, recruited and deployed by the UN Secretariat.

Solution: d)

Some discretionary powers of Governor are as follows:

• Can dissolve the legislative assemblyif the chief minister advices him to do following a vote of no confidence. Following which, it is up to the Governor what he/ she would like to do.
• Can recommend the president about the failure of the constitutional machineryin the state.
• Can reserve a bill passed by the state legislature for president’s assent.
• Can appoint anybody as chief ministerIf there is no political party with a clear-cut majority in the assembly.
• Can seek information from the chief minister with regard to the administrative and legislative mattersof the state.
• Can refuse to sign to an ordinary bill passed by the state legislature.

Solution: b)

Compulsory licensing is when a government allows someone else to produce a patented product or process without the consent of the patent owner or plans to use the patent-protected invention itself. It is one of the flexibilities in the field of patent protection included in the WTO’s agreement on intellectual property — the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement.

For compulsory licensing, it’s when the generic copy is produced mainly for the domestic market, not for export.

The patent owner still has rights over the patent, including a right to be paid compensation for copies of the products made under the compulsory licence.

The TRIPS Agreement does not specifically list the reasons that might be used to justify compulsory licensing. However, the Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health confirms that countries are free to determine the grounds for granting compulsory licences, and to determine what constitutes a national emergency.

In March 2012, India granted its first compulsory license ever. The license was granted to Indian generic drug manufacturer Natco Pharma for Sorafenib tosylate, a cancer drug patented by Bayer.

Source                  Source

Solution: b)

If any question arises whether a matter falls within the Governor’s discretion or not, decision of the Governor shall be final, and the validity of anything done by the Governor shall not be called in question on the ground that he ought or ought not to have acted in his discretion.

Also, the constitution says that the advice tendered by Ministers to the Governor shall not be inquired into in any court.

This provision emphasises the intimate and the confidential relationship between the governor and the ministers.

Solution: b)

Each year, the General Assembly elects five non-permanent members out of a total of 10, for a two-year term.

These 10 seats are distributed among the regions thus: five for African and Asian countries; one for Eastern European countries; two for Latin American and Caribbean countries; two for Western European and other countries.

Of the five seats for Africa and Asia, three are for Africa and two for Asia; there is an informal understanding between the two groups to reserve one for an Arab country. The Africa and Asia Pacific group takes turns every two years to put up an Arab candidate.