DAY – 48 ( INSTA REVISION TEST – 48)INSTA REVISION PLAN 2.0, 2021

Solution: D

The Global Microscope is produced with support from EIU’s partnerships with CFI, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, IDB LAB and IDB Invest.

The Microscope report was first published in 2007 and was originally developed for countries in Latin American and Caribbean regions but in 2009 it was expanded into a global study.

The report is a benchmarking index that assesses enabling environment for financial access in 55 countries across 5 categories.

Five parameters across which countries are assessed:

1. Government and Policy Support.
2. Products and Outlets.
3. Stability and Integrity.
4. Consumer Protection.
5. Infrastructure.

https://www.centerforfinancialinclusion.org/global-microscope-2020

Solution: A

During the sixth National Summit on Good, Replicable Practices and Innovations in Public Health Care Systems SAANS (“Social Awareness and Action to Neutralize Pneumonia Successfully” ) was launched by the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

This campaign will mobilize people’s for protecting and preventing children from pneumonia; and health personnel, governments & other stakeholders to prioritize treatment towards the control of Pneumonia — one of the most fatal childhood illnesses.

Under the SAANS campaign, new interventions have been included like a child suffering from Pneumonia will be treated with pre-referral dose of Amoxicillin by ASHA; Pulse Oximeter will be used at the Health and Wellness Centre for identification of low oxygen levels in the blood and if required treated by use of Oxygen. The initiative also aims to create mass awareness about the most effective solutions for pneumonia prevention like breast feeding, age appropriate complementary feeding, immunization, good quality air etc.

Solution: B

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but they can also damage other parts of the body. TB spreads through the air when a person with TB of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, or talks.

Indian researchers have developed a small device named SeeTB, to detect Tuberculosis. It is a small device that can be attached to a simple optical microscope to convert it into a fluorescence microscope, thus enabling better TB diagno­sis at the point­ of­ care.

The World Health Organization has aimed at eliminating TB by 2035, and the Indian government has vouched to do this by 2025.

Solution: B

PMMVY is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of the Government for pregnant women and lactating mothers.

Case of Miscarriage/Still Birth :

• A beneficiary is eligible to receive benefits under the scheme only once.
• In case of miscarriage/still birth, the beneficiary would be eligible to claim the remaining instalment(s) in event of any future pregnancy.
• Thus, after receiving the 1st instalment, if the beneficiary has a miscarriage, she would only be eligible for receiving 2nd and 3rd instalment in event of future pregnancy subject to fulfilment of eligibility criterion and conditionalities of the scheme. Similarly, if the beneficiary has a miscarriage or still birth after receiving 1 st and 2nd instalments, she would only be eligible for receiving 3rd instalment in event of future pregnancy subject to fulfilment of eligibility criterion and conditionalities of the scheme.

Cash incentive of Rs 5000 in three instalments i.e. first instalment of Rs 1000/ – on early registration of pregnancy at the Anganwadi Centre (AWC) / approved Health facility as may be identified by the respective administering State / UT, second instalment of Rs 2000/ – after six months of pregnancy on receiving at least one ante-natal check-up (ANC) and third instalment of Rs 2000/ – after child birth is registered and the child has received the first cycle of BCG, OPV, DPT and Hepatitis – B, or its equivalent/ substitute.

The eligible beneficiaries would receive the incentive given under the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) for Institutional delivery and the incentive received under JSY would be accounted towards maternity benefits so that on an average a woman gets Rs 6000 / – .

http://vikaspedia.in/social-welfare/women-and-child-development/women-development-1/pradhan-mantri-matru-vandana-yojana

Solution: A

Copper mines of India are Malanjkhand (Madhya Pradesh), Surda (Jharkhand), Khetri , Kolihan (Rajasthan), Rakha and Kendadih (Jhakhand), Chapri Sideshwar (Jharkhand)

• India has limited copper ore reserve contributing about 2 % of world reserves.

Under Exploration:

• • Only 20,000 sq.km. area explored out of a potential 60,000 sq.km
  • Reserve to production and reserve to resource ratio very low.
• Mining production is just 0.2% of world’s production , whereas refined copper production is about 4% of world’s production.
• Global ranking : 4th in smelter production and 8th in refined consumption.
• Indian Refining capacity higher than local demand – net exporter of refined copper.
• Opportunity to increase ore production through expansion and green field exploration.

Solution: D

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can be defined as a Company’s sense of responsibility towards the community and environment (both ecological and social) in which it operates. Companies can fulfil this responsibility through waste and pollution reduction processes, by contributing educational and social programs, by being environmentally friendly and by undertaking activities of similar nature.

The Companies Act, 2013 has formulated Section 135, Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility) Rules, 2014 and Schedule VII which prescribes mandatory provisions for Companies to fulfil their CSR. This article aims to analyse these provisions (including all the amendments therein).

Applicability of CSR Provisions:

On every Company including its holding or subsidiary having:

• Net worth of Rs. 500 Crore or more, or
• Turnover of Rs. 1000 crore or more, or
• Net Profit of Rs. 5 crore or more during the immediately preceding financial year

The provisions of CSR are applicable to foreign companies also. If the company did not spend CSR, it has to disclose the reason for not spending.

There is no clause for cancellation of license.

Solution: C

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.

It is also known as the Convention on Wetlands. It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran, where the Convention was signed in 1971.

Chilika lake was one of the first designated Ramsar site in India in 1981.

Chilka Lake (Chilika Lake) is a brackish water lagoon, spread over the Puri, Khurda and Ganjam districts of Odisha state on the east coast of India, at the mouth of the Daya River, flowing into the Bay of Bengal, covering an area of over 1,100 km2. It is the largest coastal lagoon in India and the second largest lagoon in the world. The lagoon hosts over 160 species of birds in the peak migratory season.

Lake Pulicat is not a Ramsar Site.

Solution: B

Small Grants Programme (SGP) program was launched alongside the Rio Earth Summit in 1992

This initiative provides direct financial and technical support to communities and Civil Society Organizations for various projects that conserve and restore the environment while enhancing people’s well- being and livelihoods.

The program is funded by Global Environment Facility (GEF) and executed by the United Nation Development Program (UNDP).

Solution: B

External commercial borrowing forms the component of capital account. Other measures would result in current account surplus.

Solution: A

Through Full Capital account convertibility a company or person can withdraw long term investments from a country at any point of time. Thus, bringing economic instability. Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.

Solution: B

World Trade Organization

• It was established on 1 January 1995 and its official languages are English, French and Spanish.
• It is an inter-governmental organization for governments to negotiate global trade agreements and progressively liberalizing trade.
• It operates system of trade rules that apply to all its members.
• It is also a place for Member governments to settle their trade disputes.
• Ministerial Conference is WTO’s top level decision making body. It meets once in two years.
• Its headquarters are located in Geneva, Switzerland.
• All decisions are made by consensus. All major decisions are made by the membership as a whole, either by ministers (who usually meet at least once every two years) or by their ambassadors or delegates (who meet regularly in Geneva).
• There are no WTO definitions of “developed” and “developing” countries. Members announce for themselves whether they are “developed” or “developing” countries.

The WTO maintains regular dialogue with non-governmental organizations, parliamentarians, other international organizations, the media and the general public on various aspects of the WTO.

Solution: B

The General Council convenes as the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) to deal with disputes between WTO members. Such disputes may arise with respect to any agreement contained in the Final Act of the Uruguay Round that is subject to the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU).

The DSB has authority to establish dispute settlement panels, refer matters to arbitration, adopt panel, Appellate Body and arbitration reports, maintain surveillance over the implementation of recommendations and rulings contained in such reports, and authorize suspension of concessions in the event of non-compliance with those recommendations and rulings.

The DSB is made up of all member governments, usually represented by ambassadors or equivalent.

The Appellate Body was established in 1995 under Article 17 of the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU). It is a standing body of seven persons that hears appeals from reports issued by panels in disputes brought by WTO Members. The Appellate Body can uphold, modify or reverse the legal findings and conclusions of a panel, and Appellate Body Reports, once adopted by the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB), must be accepted by the parties to the dispute. The Appellate Body has its seat in Geneva, Switzerland.

The Appellate Body is composed of seven Members who are appointed by the DSB to serve for four-year terms, with the possibility of being reappointed once. The Appellate Body membership shall be broadly representative of membership in the WTO.

Solution: D

Who are the developing countries in the WTO?

China became a WTO member in 2001. By 2011, China became the second-largest economy in GDP terms, the first largest merchandise exporter, the fourth largest commercial services exporter and the first destination for inward FDI among developing countries.

So if China is forced to take on the duties of a developed country and forego the benefits of a developing country, the West could soon ask other developing countries that are ahead of China (at least in per capita terms) to do the same.

Who are the developing countries in the WTO?

There are no WTO definitions of “developed” and “developing” countries.

Members announce for themselves whether they are “developed” or “developing” countries.

However, other members can challenge the decision of a member to make use of provisions available to developing countries.

What are the advantages of “developing country” status?

Developing country status in the WTO brings certain rights. Developing country status ensures special and differential treatment (S&DT) or provisions which allow them more time to implement agreements and commitments, include measures to increase trading opportunities, safeguard their trade interests, and support to build capacity to handle disputes and implement technical standards.

WTO norms for recognition of Developed, Developing and LDCs:

Under the WTO system, generally, countries are designated as developed, developing, and least developed countries (LDCs).

The uneven level of development between developed and developing countries in the WTO is a well-recognised fact.

Article XVIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)recognises that attaining the objectives of this agreement would require facilitating the progressive development of those countries that can only support low levels of development and are at the early stages of development.

Accordingly, countries self-designate themselves as ‘developing country’ to take advantage of provisions like Article XVIII of GATT and other special and differential treatment (S&DT) provisions in the WTO agreements.

These provisions are aimed at increasing trade opportunities for developing countries, ensuring longer transitional periods to comply with WTO obligations, and affording technical assistance to countries, among other things.

Solution: B

The Food Corporation of India was setup under the Food Corporation’s Act 1964 , in order to fulfill following objectives of the Food Policy:

• Effective price support operations for safeguarding the interests of the farmers.
• Distribution of foodgrains throughout the country for public distribution system.
• Maintaining satisfactory level of operational and buffer stocks of foodgrains to ensure National Food Security

Since its inception, FCI has played a significant role in India’s success in transforming the crisis management oriented food security into a stable security system.

In its 50 years of service to the nation, FCI has played a significant role in India’s success in transforming the crisis management oriented food security into a stable security system. FCI’s Objectives are:

• To provide farmers remunerative prices
• To make food grains available at reasonable prices, particularly to vulnerable section of the society
• To maintain buffer stocks as measure of Food Security
• To intervene in market for price stabilization

Solution: B

Asian Premium is extra charge being collected by OPEC countries from
Asian countries when selling oil in comparison to western countries. The discriminatory Asian Premium is mainly used by OPEC countries to
subsidised western buyers at cost of Asian buyers.