Insta–DART (Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test) 15 May 2021

The despotism of custom is everywhere the standing hindrance to human advancement, being in unceasing antagonism to that disposition to aim at something better than customary, which is called the spirit of liberty. The spirit of improvements not always a spirit of liberty, for it may aim at forcing improvements on unwilling people and the spirit of liberty, in so far as it resists such attempts, may ally itself locally and temporarily with the opponents of improvement; but the only permanent source of improvement is liberty. We have a warning example in China – a nation of much talent and in some respects, even wisdom, owing to the rare good fortune of having been provided at an early period with a particularly good set of customs. They are remarkable, too, in the excellence of their apparatus for impressing, as far as possible, the best wisdom they possess upon every mind in the community but they have become stationary have remained so for thousands of years; and it they are ever to be further improved, it must be by foreigners. They have succeeded beyond all hope in making a people all alike, all governing their thoughts and conduct by the same maxims and rules; and these are the fruits.

1. According to the passage, the paradox of tradition versus progress lies in which of the following statements?

• The spirit of improvement is not always the spirit of liberty.
• Custom is antagonistic to change.
• It is the spirit of liberty that leads to a break from custom.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

The despotism of custom is everywhere the standing hindrance to human advancement, being in unceasing antagonism to that disposition to aim at something better than customary, which is called the spirit of liberty. The spirit of improvements not always a spirit of liberty, for it may aim at forcing improvements on unwilling people and the spirit of liberty, in so far as it resists such attempts, may ally itself locally and temporarily with the opponents of improvement; but the only permanent source of improvement is liberty. We have a warning example in China – a nation of much talent and in some respects, even wisdom, owing to the rare good fortune of having been provided at an early period with a particularly good set of customs. They are remarkable, too, in the excellence of their apparatus for impressing, as far as possible, the best wisdom they possess upon every mind in the community but they have become stationary have remained so for thousands of years; and it they are ever to be further improved, it must be by foreigners. They have succeeded beyond all hope in making a people all alike, all governing their thoughts and conduct by the same maxims and rules; and these are the fruits.

1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
2. The East has not progressed because custom is deeply entrenched there.
3. European culture with its noble antecedents can never become stagnant.
4. The East must have been original at one time.
5. The West considers itself morally superior to the East.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Supernovas are among the most energetic events in the universe and result in the complete disruption of stars at the end of their lives. Originally, the distinction between Type I and Type II supernovas was based solely on the presence or absence of hydrogen atoms. Supernovas without hydrogen lines were called Type 1, while those with hydrogen lines were Type II. Subsequent analysis of many of these events revealed that this empirical classification scheme instead reflected two different mechanisms for the supernova explosion. type I supernovas happen in binary stars- two stars that orbit closely each other- when one of the two binary stars is a small, dense, white dwarf star. If the companion star ranges too close to the white dwarf that it is orbiting, the white dwarf’s gravitational pull will draw matter from the other star. When the white dwarf acquires enough matter to become atleast 1.4 times as big as the Sun, it collapses and explodes in a supernova. Type II supernovas occur when a star, much more massive than the Sun, ends its life. When such a star beings burning out, the core of the star quickly collapses releasing amazing energy in the form of neutrinos, a kind of particle smaller than even an atom. Electromagnetic radiation energy that is electric and magnetic, causes the star to explode in a supernova. Whereas, Type I supernovas typically destroy their parent stars, 1ype II explosions usually leave behind the stellar core. The classification scheme regarding the mechanism for supernova explosions helps to more succinctly answer the question: 1s the Sun in danger of becoming a supernova? Neither does our Sun have a companion star orbiting it not does our Sun have the mass necessary to become a supernova.  In a supernova. Whereas, Type I supernovas typically destroy their parent stars, Type II explosions usually leave behind the stellar core. The classification scheme regarding the mechanism for supernova explosions helps to more succinctly of answer the question: Is the Sun in danger of becoming a supernova? Neither does our Sun have a companion star orbiting it not does our Sun have the mass necessary to become a supernova. Furthermore, it will be another billion years until the Sun runs out of fuel and swells into a red giant star before going into a white dwarf form.

1. What are the basic differences between Type I and Type II supernovas?
   1. These classifications are based on absence and presence of CO.
   2. 1ypeI supernovas happen in binary stars,
   3. In Type II supernovas, star is very less massive than the Sun.
2. Both classification are based on supernova explosions.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Supernovas are among the most energetic events in the universe and result in the complete disruption of stars at the end of their lives. Originally, the distinction between Type I and Type II supernovas was based solely on the presence or absence of hydrogen atoms. Supernovas without hydrogen lines were called Type 1, while those with hydrogen lines were Type II. Subsequent analysis of many of these events revealed that this empirical classification scheme instead reflected two different mechanisms for the supernova explosion. type I supernovas happen in binary stars- two stars that orbit closely each other- when one of the two binary stars is a small, dense, white dwarf star. If the companion star ranges too close to the white dwarf that it is orbiting, the white dwarf’s gravitational pull will draw matter from the other star. When the white dwarf acquires enough matter to become atleast 1.4 times as big as the Sun, it collapses and explodes in a supernova. Type II supernovas occur when a star, much more massive than the Sun, ends its life. When such a star beings burning out, the core of the star quickly collapses releasing amazing energy in the form of neutrinos, a kind of particle smaller than even an atom. Electromagnetic radiation energy that is electric and magnetic, causes the star to explode in a supernova. Whereas, Type I supernovas typically destroy their parent stars, 1ype II explosions usually leave behind the stellar core. The classification scheme regarding the mechanism for supernova explosions helps to more succinctly answer the question: 1s the Sun in danger of becoming a supernova? Neither does our Sun have a companion star orbiting it not does our Sun have the mass necessary to become a supernova.  In a supernova. Whereas, Type I supernovas typically destroy their parent stars, Type II explosions usually leave behind the stellar core. The classification scheme regarding the mechanism for supernova explosions helps to more succinctly of answer the question: Is the Sun in danger of becoming a supernova? Neither does our Sun have a companion star orbiting it not does our Sun have the mass necessary to become a supernova. Furthermore, it will be another billion years until the Sun runs out of fuel and swells into a red giant star before going into a white dwarf form.

What is the primary theme of the passage?