INSIGHTS STATIC QUIZ 2020 - 21
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
Consider the following statements about life forms.
- Epiphytic: plants which derive nutrients from fungi that are attached to the roots of a vascular plant
- Terrestrial: plants growing on land and climbers
- Mycoheterotrophic: plants growing on another plants
Which of the above are correctly matched?
Correct
Solution: a)
Epiphytic (plants growing on other plants including those growing on rock boulders and often termed lithophyte),
Terrestrial (plants growing on land and climbers)
Mycoheterotrophic (plants which derive nutrients from mycorrhizal fungi that are attached to the roots of a vascular plant).
Incorrect
Solution: a)
Epiphytic (plants growing on other plants including those growing on rock boulders and often termed lithophyte),
Terrestrial (plants growing on land and climbers)
Mycoheterotrophic (plants which derive nutrients from mycorrhizal fungi that are attached to the roots of a vascular plant).
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
In terms of self-sustenance and endurance, which among the following is the most stable ecosystem?
Correct
Solution: c)
Ocean is a self-sustaining ecosystem and covers nearly 2/3rd of earth’s area. It is the oldest ecosystem. It is least affected by natural calamities.
It is a highly diverse (from phytoplankton to sea grass to whales) and productive ecosystem and contains earliest evolutionary life forms. The evolutionary history has also been more stable than in terrestrial environments.
Incorrect
Solution: c)
Ocean is a self-sustaining ecosystem and covers nearly 2/3rd of earth’s area. It is the oldest ecosystem. It is least affected by natural calamities.
It is a highly diverse (from phytoplankton to sea grass to whales) and productive ecosystem and contains earliest evolutionary life forms. The evolutionary history has also been more stable than in terrestrial environments.
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Question 3 of 5
3. Question
Tropics harbour more species than temperate or polar areas. What could be the possible reasons that tropics account for greater biological diversity than temperate regions.
- Unlike temperate regions which were subjected to frequent glaciations in the past, tropical latitudes have remained relatively undisturbed for millions of years.
- Tropical environments are less seasonal, relatively more constant and predictable unlike temperate regions.
- There is more solar energy available in the tropics.
Select the correct answer code:
Correct
Solution: d)
What is so special about tropics that might account for their greater biological diversity? Ecologists and evolutionary biologists have proposed various hypotheses; some important ones are
(a) Speciation is generally a function of time, unlike temperate regions subjected to frequent glaciations in the past, tropical latitudes have remained relatively undisturbed for millions of years and thus, had a long evolutionary time for species diversification,
(b) Tropical environments, unlike temperate ones, are less seasonal, relatively more constant and predictable. Such constant environments promote niche specialisation and lead to a greater species diversity and
(c) There is more solar energy available in the tropics, which contributes to higher productivity; this in turn might contribute indirectly to greater diversity.
Incorrect
Solution: d)
What is so special about tropics that might account for their greater biological diversity? Ecologists and evolutionary biologists have proposed various hypotheses; some important ones are
(a) Speciation is generally a function of time, unlike temperate regions subjected to frequent glaciations in the past, tropical latitudes have remained relatively undisturbed for millions of years and thus, had a long evolutionary time for species diversification,
(b) Tropical environments, unlike temperate ones, are less seasonal, relatively more constant and predictable. Such constant environments promote niche specialisation and lead to a greater species diversity and
(c) There is more solar energy available in the tropics, which contributes to higher productivity; this in turn might contribute indirectly to greater diversity.
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
Consider the following statements regarding food chain in ecosystem:
- In an aquatic ecosystem, more energy flows through grazing food chain than detritus food chain.
- In a terrestrial ecosystem larger fraction of energy flow through detritus food chain than grazing food chain.
- Only 10% of energy is lost in energy flow across different trophic levels.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: a)
In an aquatic ecosystem, grazing food chain is the major conduit for energy flow. As against this, in a terrestrial ecosystem, a much larger fraction of energy flows through the detritus food chain than through the grazing food chain.
When energy is passed in an ecosystem from one trophic level to the next, only ten percent of the energy will be passed. Around 90% of energy will be lost.
Incorrect
Solution: a)
In an aquatic ecosystem, grazing food chain is the major conduit for energy flow. As against this, in a terrestrial ecosystem, a much larger fraction of energy flows through the detritus food chain than through the grazing food chain.
When energy is passed in an ecosystem from one trophic level to the next, only ten percent of the energy will be passed. Around 90% of energy will be lost.
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Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Which of the following statements is incorrectly stated?
Correct
Solution: b)
Alpha diversity
Alpha diversity describes the species diversity within a community at a small scale or local scale, generally the size of one ecosystem. When we casually speak of diversity in an area, more often than not it refers to alpha diversity.
Beta diversity
Beta diversity describes the species diversity between two communities or ecosystems. It is at a larger scale, and looks to compare the species diversity between two separate entities that are often divided by a clear geographical barrier like a river or a mountain ridge.
Gamma diversity
Gamma diversity is studied at a very large scale—a biome—where species diversity is compared between many ecosystems. It could range over areas like the entire slope of a mountain, or the entire littoral zone of a sea shore.
Example: Let’s take a mountain slope as our landscape. On this slope, there will be many different patches of forests and grasslands. Alpha diversity is the species diversity present within each forest or grassland patch of the slope. Beta diversity is represented by the species diversity between any two patches and their communities. Gamma diversity of the landscape is the species diversity along the entire range of the mountain slope.
Food web is more comprehensive than food chain.
Incorrect
Solution: b)
Alpha diversity
Alpha diversity describes the species diversity within a community at a small scale or local scale, generally the size of one ecosystem. When we casually speak of diversity in an area, more often than not it refers to alpha diversity.
Beta diversity
Beta diversity describes the species diversity between two communities or ecosystems. It is at a larger scale, and looks to compare the species diversity between two separate entities that are often divided by a clear geographical barrier like a river or a mountain ridge.
Gamma diversity
Gamma diversity is studied at a very large scale—a biome—where species diversity is compared between many ecosystems. It could range over areas like the entire slope of a mountain, or the entire littoral zone of a sea shore.
Example: Let’s take a mountain slope as our landscape. On this slope, there will be many different patches of forests and grasslands. Alpha diversity is the species diversity present within each forest or grassland patch of the slope. Beta diversity is represented by the species diversity between any two patches and their communities. Gamma diversity of the landscape is the species diversity along the entire range of the mountain slope.
Food web is more comprehensive than food chain.
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