QUIZ – 2020: Insights Current Affairs Quiz, 16 January 2021

Solution: b)

Compulsory licensing is when a government allows someone else to produce a patented product or process without the consent of the patent owner or plans to use the patent-protected invention itself. It is one of the flexibilities in the field of patent protection included in the WTO’s agreement on intellectual property — the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement.

For compulsory licensing, it’s when the generic copy is produced mainly for the domestic market, not for export.

The patent owner still has rights over the patent, including a right to be paid compensation for copies of the products made under the compulsory licence.

The TRIPS Agreement does not specifically list the reasons that might be used to justify compulsory licensing. However, the Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health confirms that countries are free to determine the grounds for granting compulsory licences, and to determine what constitutes a national emergency.

In March 2012, India granted its first compulsory license ever. The license was granted to Indian generic drug manufacturer Natco Pharma for Sorafenib tosylate, a cancer drug patented by Bayer.

Source                  Source

Solution: b)

The cause of the formation of the ozone hole is attributed to the unusual weather at the poles.

Polar vortex is a whirling cone of low pressure over the poles that is strongest in the winter months due to the increased temperature contrast between the polar regions and the mid-latitudes, such as the US and Europe.

The unique cocktail of the powerful vortex and low temperatures generates Stratospheric clouds that react with CFCs and destroy the Ozone layer in the process.

Ozone depletion also explains much of the observed reduction in stratospheric and upper tropospheric temperatures.

Solution: d)

Solution: a)

India has 15,106.7 Km of land border and a coastline of 7,516.6 Km including island territories. The length of our land borders with neighbouring countries is as under:

Name of the country                      Length of the border (in Km)

Bangladesh                                                         4,096.7

China                                                                     3,488

Pakistan                                                               3,323

Nepal                                                                    1,751

Myanmar                                                             1,643

Bhutan                                                                  699

Afghanistan                                                        106

Total                                                                      15,106.7

Source

Solution: b)

Arunachal Pradesh borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south. It shares international borders with Bhutan in the west, Myanmar in the east, and a disputed border with China in the north at the McMahon Line.