INSIGHTS CURRENT Affairs RTM - 2020
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The following Quiz is based on the Hindu, PIB and other news sources. It is a current events based quiz. Solving these questions will help retain both concepts and facts relevant to UPSC IAS civil services exam.
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New Initiative: Revision Through MCQs (RTM) – Revision of Current Affairs Made Interesting
As revision is the key to success in this exam, we are starting a new initiative where you will revise current affairs effectively through MCQs (RTM) that are solely based on Insights Daily Current Affairs.
These questions will be different than our regular current affairs quiz. These questions are framed to TEST how well you have read and revised Insights Current Affairs on daily basis.
We will post nearly 10 MCQs every day which are based on previous day’s Insights current affairs. Tonight we will be posting RTM questions on the Insights current affairs of October 3, 2019.
The added advantage of this initiative is it will help you solve at least 20 MCQs daily (5 Static + 5 CA Quiz + 10 RTM) – thereby helping you improve your retention as well as elimination and guessing skills.
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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
1 pointsMaharashtra governments “Shakti Act, 2020” was in news recently, the Bills provisions are primarily associated with which of the following?
Correct
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
- The Maharashtra government this week presented a draft bill making changes to existing laws on violence against women and children.
- The Bill is proposed to be enacted as Shakti Act, 2020.
- What is the reason given by Maharashtra to bring in a new law?
- An increase in the number of cases of violence, specifically sexual violence against women and children.
Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/12/12/maharashtra-bill-on-sexual-crime/
Incorrect
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
- The Maharashtra government this week presented a draft bill making changes to existing laws on violence against women and children.
- The Bill is proposed to be enacted as Shakti Act, 2020.
- What is the reason given by Maharashtra to bring in a new law?
- An increase in the number of cases of violence, specifically sexual violence against women and children.
Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/12/12/maharashtra-bill-on-sexual-crime/
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Question 2 of 10
2. Question
1 pointsWith reference to El Nino weather events, consider the following statements:
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- During an El Nino event, westward-blowing trade winds weaken along the Equator.
- El Nino brings rain to South America and droughts to Indonesia.
- Stronger El Nino events disrupt global atmospheric circulation.
Which of the given above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Ans: (d)
Explanation:
- S1: During an El Niño event, westward-blowing trade winds weaken along the Equator. These changes in air pressure and wind speed cause warm surface water to move eastward along the Equator, from the western Pacific to the coast of northern South America.
- S2: As El Niño brings rain to South America, it brings droughts to Indonesia and Australia. These droughts threaten the region’s water supplies, as reservoirs dry and rivers carry less water. Agriculture, which depends on water for irrigation, is threatened.
- S3: Stronger El Niño events also disrupt global atmospheric circulation. Global atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air that helps distribute thermal energy (heat) across the surface of the Earth. The eastward movement of oceanic and atmospheric heat sources cause unusually severe winter weather at the higher latitudes of North and South America. Regions as far north as the U.S. states of California and Washington may experience longer, colder winters because of El Niño.
Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/12/12/not-all-indian-droughts-are-caused-by-el-nino/
Incorrect
Ans: (d)
Explanation:
- S1: During an El Niño event, westward-blowing trade winds weaken along the Equator. These changes in air pressure and wind speed cause warm surface water to move eastward along the Equator, from the western Pacific to the coast of northern South America.
- S2: As El Niño brings rain to South America, it brings droughts to Indonesia and Australia. These droughts threaten the region’s water supplies, as reservoirs dry and rivers carry less water. Agriculture, which depends on water for irrigation, is threatened.
- S3: Stronger El Niño events also disrupt global atmospheric circulation. Global atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air that helps distribute thermal energy (heat) across the surface of the Earth. The eastward movement of oceanic and atmospheric heat sources cause unusually severe winter weather at the higher latitudes of North and South America. Regions as far north as the U.S. states of California and Washington may experience longer, colder winters because of El Niño.
Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/12/12/not-all-indian-droughts-are-caused-by-el-nino/
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Question 3 of 10
3. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements with reference to Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India:
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- The Union List has more subjects than state list.
- The concept of ‘Concurrent List’ in the Indian Constitution has been borrowed from the Constitution of Canada.
- The laws can be made on the subjects enumerated under the Concurrent List of the Indian Constitution exclusively by the Central Government.
Which of the given above statements is/are not correct?
Correct
Ans: (b)
Explanation:
- Seventh Schedule:
- The seventh schedule under Article 246 of the constitution deals with the division of powers between the union and the states.
- It contains three lists- Union List, State List and Concurrent List.
- The union list details the subjects on which Parliament may make laws while the state list details those under the purview of state legislatures.
- The concurrent list on the other hand has subjects in which both Parliament and state legislatures have jurisdiction. However the Constitution provides federal supremacy to Parliament on concurrent list items in case of a conflict.
- S1: The Union List is a list of 98 (Originally 97) numbered items as provided in the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India. The Union Government or Parliament of India has exclusive power to legislate on matters relating to these items.
- S2: The concept of ‘Concurrent List’ in the Indian Constitution has been borrowed from the Constitution of Australia
- S3: Central Government and State Government both can make laws on the subjects mentioned under the Concurrent List
Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/12/12/n-k-singh-calls-for-a-fresh-look-at-the-seventh-schedule/
Incorrect
Ans: (b)
Explanation:
- Seventh Schedule:
- The seventh schedule under Article 246 of the constitution deals with the division of powers between the union and the states.
- It contains three lists- Union List, State List and Concurrent List.
- The union list details the subjects on which Parliament may make laws while the state list details those under the purview of state legislatures.
- The concurrent list on the other hand has subjects in which both Parliament and state legislatures have jurisdiction. However the Constitution provides federal supremacy to Parliament on concurrent list items in case of a conflict.
- S1: The Union List is a list of 98 (Originally 97) numbered items as provided in the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India. The Union Government or Parliament of India has exclusive power to legislate on matters relating to these items.
- S2: The concept of ‘Concurrent List’ in the Indian Constitution has been borrowed from the Constitution of Australia
- S3: Central Government and State Government both can make laws on the subjects mentioned under the Concurrent List
Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/12/12/n-k-singh-calls-for-a-fresh-look-at-the-seventh-schedule/
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Question 4 of 10
4. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements:
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- Malaria is caused by the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito.
- There are currently no licensed vaccines against malaria.
Which of the given above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Ans: (c)
Explanation:
- A not very common type of malaria, Plasmodium ovale, has been identified in a jawan in Kerala.
- Types of malaria:
- Malaria is caused by the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito, if the mosquito itself is infected with a malarial parasite.
- There are five kinds of malarial parasites Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax (the commonest ones), Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium knowlesi.
- Plasmodium ovale:
- Symptoms include fever for 48 hours, headache and nausea, and the treatment modality is the same as it is for a person infected with P vivax. P ovale is no more dangerous than getting a viral infection.
- There are currently no licensed vaccines against malaria. One research vaccine against falciparum, known as RTS, S/AS01, is most advanced. This vaccine has been evaluated in a clinical trial in 7 countries in Africa and received a positive opinion by the European Medicines Agency.
Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/12/12/plasmodium-ovale-and-other-types-of-malaria/
Incorrect
Ans: (c)
Explanation:
- A not very common type of malaria, Plasmodium ovale, has been identified in a jawan in Kerala.
- Types of malaria:
- Malaria is caused by the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito, if the mosquito itself is infected with a malarial parasite.
- There are five kinds of malarial parasites Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax (the commonest ones), Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium knowlesi.
- Plasmodium ovale:
- Symptoms include fever for 48 hours, headache and nausea, and the treatment modality is the same as it is for a person infected with P vivax. P ovale is no more dangerous than getting a viral infection.
- There are currently no licensed vaccines against malaria. One research vaccine against falciparum, known as RTS, S/AS01, is most advanced. This vaccine has been evaluated in a clinical trial in 7 countries in Africa and received a positive opinion by the European Medicines Agency.
Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/12/12/plasmodium-ovale-and-other-types-of-malaria/
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Question 5 of 10
5. Question
1 pointsWith reference to Cryogenic Engine Technology, consider the following statements:
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- A cryogenic engine/ cryogenic stage is the first stage of space launch vehicles.
- It is a form of air-breathing jet engine that uses the vehicle’s forward motion to compress incoming air for combustion.
Which of the given above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Ans: (d)
Explanation:
- Cryogenic stage is technically a much more complexed system with respect to solid or liquid propellant (stored on earth) stages due to the usage of propellants at extremely low temperatures
- S1: A cryogenic engine/ cryogenic stage is the last stage of space launch vehicles which makes use of Cryogenics.
- S2: Cryogenic engine makes use of Liquid Oxygen (LOX) and Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) as propellants, these LOX and LH2 are stored in their respective tanks. From there they are pumped in to turbo pump by individual booster pumps to ensure a high flow rate of propellants inside the combustion/thrust chamber.
Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/12/12/justice-jain-committee/
Incorrect
Ans: (d)
Explanation:
- Cryogenic stage is technically a much more complexed system with respect to solid or liquid propellant (stored on earth) stages due to the usage of propellants at extremely low temperatures
- S1: A cryogenic engine/ cryogenic stage is the last stage of space launch vehicles which makes use of Cryogenics.
- S2: Cryogenic engine makes use of Liquid Oxygen (LOX) and Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) as propellants, these LOX and LH2 are stored in their respective tanks. From there they are pumped in to turbo pump by individual booster pumps to ensure a high flow rate of propellants inside the combustion/thrust chamber.
Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/12/12/justice-jain-committee/
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Question 6 of 10
6. Question
1 pointsIn India, which of the following are considered as ‘exotic wildlife species’
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- Animals named under Appendices I, II and III of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora.
- Species from the Schedules of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972.
Select the correct answer using the code below:
Correct
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
- The Environment Ministry’s wildlife division has introduced new rules to regulate the import and export of ‘exotic wildlife species’.
- Under the new rules, owners and possessors of such animals and birds must also register their stock with the Chief Wildlife Warden of their States.
- The advisory, issued recently, also says ‘exotic wildlife species’ will mean animals named under Appendices I, II and III of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora.
- It will not include species from the Schedules of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972.
Incorrect
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
- The Environment Ministry’s wildlife division has introduced new rules to regulate the import and export of ‘exotic wildlife species’.
- Under the new rules, owners and possessors of such animals and birds must also register their stock with the Chief Wildlife Warden of their States.
- The advisory, issued recently, also says ‘exotic wildlife species’ will mean animals named under Appendices I, II and III of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora.
- It will not include species from the Schedules of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972.
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Question 7 of 10
7. Question
1 pointsWith reference to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which of the following statements is/are correct?
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- IUCN is an organ of the United Nations and CITES is an international agreement between governments
- IUCN runs thousands of field projects around the world to better manage natural environments.
- CITES is legally binding on the States that have joined it, but this Convention does not take the place of national laws.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Correct
Ans: (b)
Explanation:
- IUCN is a voluntary organization, not an agency of United Nations. Even if you knew this much, you could eliminate all other options to select B. Some facts about IUCN:
- Founded in 1948 as the world’s first global environmental organisation
- Today the largest professional global conservation network
- A leading authority on the environment and sustainable development
- More than 1,200 member organizations including 200+ government and 900+ non-government organizations
- A neutral forum for governments, NGOs, scientists, business and local communities to find practical solutions to conservation and development challenges
- Thousands of field projects and activities around the world
- CITES was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). States (countries) adhere voluntarily to the agreement.
- States that have agreed to be bound by the Convention (‘joined’ CITES) are known as Parties.
- Although CITES is legally binding on the Parties – in other words they have to implement the Convention – it does not take the place of national laws. Rather it provides a framework to be respected by each Party, which has to adopt its own domestic legislation to ensure that CITES is implemented at the national level.
Incorrect
Ans: (b)
Explanation:
- IUCN is a voluntary organization, not an agency of United Nations. Even if you knew this much, you could eliminate all other options to select B. Some facts about IUCN:
- Founded in 1948 as the world’s first global environmental organisation
- Today the largest professional global conservation network
- A leading authority on the environment and sustainable development
- More than 1,200 member organizations including 200+ government and 900+ non-government organizations
- A neutral forum for governments, NGOs, scientists, business and local communities to find practical solutions to conservation and development challenges
- Thousands of field projects and activities around the world
- CITES was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). States (countries) adhere voluntarily to the agreement.
- States that have agreed to be bound by the Convention (‘joined’ CITES) are known as Parties.
- Although CITES is legally binding on the Parties – in other words they have to implement the Convention – it does not take the place of national laws. Rather it provides a framework to be respected by each Party, which has to adopt its own domestic legislation to ensure that CITES is implemented at the national level.
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Question 8 of 10
8. Question
1 pointsWhat is the importance of using pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in India?
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- These vaccines are effective against pneumonia as well as meningitis and sepsis.
- Dependence on antibiotics that are not effective against drug-resistant bacteria can be reduced.
- These vaccines have no side effects and cause no allergic reactions
Select the correct answer using the given code below-
Correct
Ans: (b)
Explanation: What is WHO Pre-qualification?
- The Prequalification project, set up in 2001, is a service provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) to facilitate access to medicines that meet unified standards of quality, safety and efficacy for HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis.
- The prequalification process consists of a transparent, scientifically sound assessment, which includes dossier review, consistency testing or performance evaluation and site visits to manufacturers
- Context:
- A single-dose injectable Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine of Biological E has been pre-qualified by the World Health Organisation, making the vaccine maker one of two pre-qualified suppliers of TCV to UN agencies.
- S1: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) can prevent pneumococcal disease.
- Pneumococcal disease refers to any illness caused by pneumococcal bacteria, including Pneumonia and sepsis (which is a bloodstream infection disease in children), So 1 is correct.
- See https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/pcv13.html
- S2: This is also correct, see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6183139/
- Vaccines as tools to reduce Anti-microbial resistance (AMR) have historically been under-recognized, yet the positive effect in reducing AMR has been well established. For example Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) as well as Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal) conjugate vaccines have impressive track records in not only preventing life threatening diseases caused by these bacteria, but also reducing antibiotic use and AMR.
- S3: Mild side effects of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV), the version of the pneumococcal vaccine given to adults and children over the age of 2, include:
Refer: UPSC CSE 2020: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/12/12/insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-12-december-2020/
Incorrect
Ans: (b)
Explanation: What is WHO Pre-qualification?
- The Prequalification project, set up in 2001, is a service provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) to facilitate access to medicines that meet unified standards of quality, safety and efficacy for HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis.
- The prequalification process consists of a transparent, scientifically sound assessment, which includes dossier review, consistency testing or performance evaluation and site visits to manufacturers
- Context:
- A single-dose injectable Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine of Biological E has been pre-qualified by the World Health Organisation, making the vaccine maker one of two pre-qualified suppliers of TCV to UN agencies.
- S1: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) can prevent pneumococcal disease.
- Pneumococcal disease refers to any illness caused by pneumococcal bacteria, including Pneumonia and sepsis (which is a bloodstream infection disease in children), So 1 is correct.
- See https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/pcv13.html
- S2: This is also correct, see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6183139/
- Vaccines as tools to reduce Anti-microbial resistance (AMR) have historically been under-recognized, yet the positive effect in reducing AMR has been well established. For example Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) as well as Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal) conjugate vaccines have impressive track records in not only preventing life threatening diseases caused by these bacteria, but also reducing antibiotic use and AMR.
- S3: Mild side effects of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV), the version of the pneumococcal vaccine given to adults and children over the age of 2, include:
Refer: UPSC CSE 2020: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/12/12/insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-12-december-2020/
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Question 9 of 10
9. Question
1 pointsWhich one of the following statements is not correct?
Correct
Ans: (b)
Explanation:
- Hepatitis B has a vaccine that is recommended for all infants at birth and for children up to 18 years. It is also recommended that adults in high-risk groups be vaccinated.
- See https://www.hepb.org/prevention-and-diagnosis/vaccination/
Source: UPSC CSE 2019
Incorrect
Ans: (b)
Explanation:
- Hepatitis B has a vaccine that is recommended for all infants at birth and for children up to 18 years. It is also recommended that adults in high-risk groups be vaccinated.
- See https://www.hepb.org/prevention-and-diagnosis/vaccination/
Source: UPSC CSE 2019
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Question 10 of 10
10. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following are in Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve?
Correct
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
- The Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve is a biosphere reserve in India established in 2001, located in the southernmost end of the Western Ghats.
- ABR straddles the border of Pathanamthitta, Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram Districts in Kerala and Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari Districts in Tamil Nadu, South India at the southern end of the Western Ghats.
- It encompass the wildlife santiaries Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, and Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve.
- Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve became part of World Network of Biosphere Reserves in 2016. Is also under UNESCO’s world list of biosphere reserve.
Source: UPSC CSE 2019
Incorrect
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
- The Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve is a biosphere reserve in India established in 2001, located in the southernmost end of the Western Ghats.
- ABR straddles the border of Pathanamthitta, Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram Districts in Kerala and Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari Districts in Tamil Nadu, South India at the southern end of the Western Ghats.
- It encompass the wildlife santiaries Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, and Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve.
- Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve became part of World Network of Biosphere Reserves in 2016. Is also under UNESCO’s world list of biosphere reserve.
Source: UPSC CSE 2019
