INSIGHTS CURRENT AFFAIRS ( 10 August 2020) REVISION THROUGH MCQS

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• After the failure of the Cripps Mission, Gandhiji gave the call “Do or Die”’ in his speech delivered at the Gowalia Tank Maidan.
• The All-India Congress Committee launched a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called “An Orderly British Withdrawal” from India.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/08/10/quit-india-movement-2/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• The Congress was divided upon its response to India’s entry into World War II. Angry over the decision made by the Viceroy, some Congress leaders favoured launching a revolt against the British despite the gravity of the war in Europe, which threatened Britain’s own freedom. Others, such as Chakravarti Rajagopalachari, advocated offering an olive branch to the British, supporting them in this crucial time in the hope that the gesture would be reciprocated with independence after the war.
• The major leader, Mahatma Gandhi, was opposed to Indian involvement in the war as he would not morally endorse a war and also suspected British intentions, believing that the British were not sincere about Indian aspirations for independence. But Rajagopalachari, backed by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Maulana Azad and Jawaharlal Nehru held talks with Cripps and offered full support in return for immediate self-government, and eventual independence.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/08/10/quit-india-movement-2/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• On 8 August 1942, the All India Congress Committee passed the Quit India resolution at the Bombay session. The government responded by arresting the major leaders and all members of the Congress Working Committee and thus tried to pre-empt the movement from success.
• Young Aruna Asaf Ali presided over the remainder of the session on 9 August and hoisted the Congress flag at the Gowalia Tank Maidan. This marked the commencement of the movement.
• The police fired upon the assembly at the session. Aruna was dubbed the Heroine of the 1942 movement for her bravery in the face of danger and was called Grand Old Lady of the Independence movement in her later years. Despite the absence of direct leadership, spontaneous protests and demonstrations were held all over the country, as an expression of the desire of India’s youth to achieve independence.
• An arrest warrant was issued in her name but she went underground to evade the arrest and started an underground movement in the year 1942. Her property was seized and sold. In the meanwhile, she also edited Inquilab, a monthly magazine of the Congress Party, along with Ram Manohar Lohia.
• In a 1944 issue, she exhorted the youth to action by asking them to forget futile discussions about violence and non-violence and join the revolution. Leaders such as Jayaprakash Narayan and Aruna Asaf Ali were described as “the Political children of Gandhi but recent students of Karl Marx.” The government announced a reward of 5,000 rupees for her capture. She fell ill and was for a period hiding in Dr Joshi’s Hospital in Karol Bagh in Delhi.
• Mahatma Gandhi sent her a hand-written note to her to come out of hiding and surrender herself – as her mission was accomplished and as she could utilize the reward amount for the Harijan cause. However, she came out of hiding only after the warrant against her was withdrawn in 1946. She treasured the note from the Mahatma and it adorned her drawing room. However, she also faced criticism from Gandhi for her support of the Royal Indian Navy Mutiny, a movement she saw as the single greatest unifying factor of Hindus and Muslims at a time that was the peak of the movement for Pakistan.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/08/10/quit-india-movement-2/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Cripps Mission was sent by the British Government in March 1942 to India with key objective to secure Indian cooperation and support for British War Efforts. Headed by Sir Stafford Cripps, this mission sought to negotiate an agreement with Indian leaders.
• The proposal of the Cripps mission was that:
  • India would be a dominion associated with the United kingdom.
  • It promised that immediately after the war is stopped, steps would be taken up to set up an elected body charged with the task of making the constitution for India and provisions would be made so that the Indian states could participate in the framing of the constitution.
  • An Indian Union with a dominion status would be set up. It would be free to decide its relations with the Commonwealth and free to participate in the United Nations and other international bodies.
  • After the end of the war, a constituent assembly would be convened to frame a new constitution. Members of this assembly would be partly elected by the provincial assemblies through proportional representation and partly nominated by the princes.
  • The British Government would accept the new constitution subject to two conditions.
    • Any province not willing to join the Union could have a separate constitution and form a separate Union
    • The new constitution- making body and the British Government would negotiate a treaty to effect the transfer of power and to safeguard racial and religious minorities.
  • In the meantime, defence of India would remain in British hands and the governor-general’s powers would remain intact.
• The Congress objected to:
  • The offer of dominion status instead of a provision for complete independence.
  • Representation of the states by nominees and not by elected representatives.
  • Right to provinces to secede as this went against the principle of national unity.
  • Absence of any plan for immediate transfer of power and absence of any real share in defence; the governor- general’s supremacy had been retained, and the demand for governor-general being only the constitutional head had not been accepted.
  • The incapacity of Cripps to go beyond the Draft Declaration and the adoption of a rigid “take it or leave it” attitude added to the deadlock.
• The Muslim League objected because:-
  • Criticised the idea of a single Indian Union.
  • Did not like the machinery for the creation of a constituent assembly and the procedure to decide on the accession of provinces to the Union.
  • Thought that the proposals denied to the Muslims the right to self-determination and the creation of Pakistan.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/08/10/quit-india-movement-2/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The UPSC consists of a chairman and other members appointed by the president of India.
• The Constitution, without specifying the strength of the Commission has left the matter to the discretion of the president, who determines its composition.
• Usually, the Commission consists of nine to eleven members including the chairman. Further, no qualifications are prescribed for the Commission’s membership except that one-half of the members of the Commission should be such persons who have held office for at least ten years either under the Government of India or under the government of a state.
• The Constitution also authorises the president to determine the conditions of service of the chairman and other members of the Commission.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/08/10/pradeep-kumar-joshi-appointed-as-upsc-chairman/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Lok Adalat is a forum where the cases (or disputes) which are pending in a court or which are at pre-litigation stage (not yet brought before a court) are compromised or settled in an amicable manner.
• The institution of Lok Adalat has been given statutory status under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.
• The Lok Adalat shall have no jurisdiction in respect of any case or matter relating to an offence not compoundable under any law. In other words, the offences which are non-compoundable under any law fall outside the purview of the Lok Adalat.
• Every Lok Adalat organized for an area shall consist of such number of serving or retired judicial officers and other persons of the area as may be specified by the agency organizing such Lok Adalat. Generally, a Lok Adalat consists of a judicial officer as the chairman and a lawyer (advocate) and a social worker as members.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/08/10/lok-adalat-held-online/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• The first Lok Adalat camp in the post-independence era was organized in Gujarat in 1982..
• Statutory provisions:
  • Under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 Lok Adalats have been given statutory status.
• Final award:
  • The decision made by the Lok Adalats is considered to be a verdict of a civil court and is ultimate and binding on all parties.
• No appeal:
  • There is no provision for an appeal against the verdict made by Lok Adalat.
  • But, they are free to initiate litigation by approaching the court of appropriate jurisdiction by filing a case by following the required procedure, in exercise of their right to litigate.
• Court fee:
  • There is no court fee payable when a matter is filed in a Lok Adalat. If a matter pending in the court of law is referred to the Lok Adalat and is settled subsequently, the court fee originally paid in the court on the complaints/petition is also refunded back to the parties.
• Nature of Cases to be Referred to Lok Adalat:
  • Any case pending before any court.
  • Any dispute which has not been brought before any court and is likely to be filed before the court.
• Provided that any matter relating to an offence not compoundable under the law shall not be settled in Lok Adalat.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/08/10/lok-adalat-held-online/

Ans: (a)

Explanation: here the directive word is incorrect!!

About the Indus Water Treaty:

• It is a Water-Distribution Treaty, signed in Karachi on 1960, between India (Pm Jawaharlal Nehru) and Pakistan (President Ayub Khan), brokered by the World Bank.
• Under the treaty, India has control over water flowing in the eastern rivers– Beas, Ravi and Sutlej.
• Pakistan has control over the western rivers– Indus, Chenab and Jhelum.
• As per the treaty, the water commissioners of Pakistan and India are required to meet twice a year and arrange technical visits to projects’ sites and critical river head works.
• Both the sides share details of the water flow and the quantum of water being used under the treaty.
• The treaty sets out a mechanism for cooperation and information exchange between the two countries regarding their use of the rivers.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/08/10/indus-water-treaty-iwt/

Ans: (a)

Explanation: About the Agriculture Infrastructure Fund:

• It is a new pan India Central Sector Scheme.
• The scheme shall provide a medium – long term debt financing facility for investment in viable projects for post-harvest management Infrastructure and community farming assets through interest subvention and financial support.
• The duration of the Scheme shall be from FY2020 to FY2029 (10 years).
• Eligibility:
  • Under the scheme, One Lakh Crore will be provided by banks and financial institutions as loans to Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS), Marketing Cooperative Societies, farmer producer organisations (FPOs), SHGs, Farmers, Joint Liability Groups (JLG), Multipurpose Cooperative Societies, Startups etc.
• Interest subvention:
  • All loans under this financing facility will have interest subvention of 3% per annum up to a limit of Rs. 2 crore. This subvention will be available for a maximum period of seven years.
• Credit guarantee:
  • Credit guarantee coverage will be available for eligible borrowers from this financing facility under Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE) scheme for a loan up to Rs. 2 crore.
  • The fee for this coverage will be paid by the Government.
  • In case of FPOs the credit guarantee may be availed from the facility created under FPO promotion scheme of Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare (DACFW).
• Management of the fund:
  • It will be managed and monitored through an online Management Information System (MIS) platform.
  • The National, State and District level Monitoring Committees will be set up to ensure real-time monitoring and effective feed-back.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/08/10/agriculture-infrastructure-fund/

Ans: (b)

Explanation: here the directive word is not correct!!

What are the differences between the previous generations of mobile networks and 5G?

• First generation – 1G
  • 1980s: 1G delivered analog voice.
• Second generation – 2G
  • Early 1990s: 2G introduced digital voice (e.g. CDMA- Code Division Multiple Access).
• Third generation – 3G
  • Early 2000s: 3G brought mobile data (e.g. CDMA2000).
• Fourth generation – 4G LTE
  • 2010s: 4G LTE ushered in the era of mobile broadband.
  • 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G all led to 5G, which is designed to provide more connectivity than was ever available before.
  • 5G is a unified, more capable air interface. It has been designed with an extended capacity to enable next-generation user experiences, empower new deployment models and deliver new services.

There are several reasons that 5G will be better than 4G:

• 5G is significantly faster than 4G
• 5G has more capacity than 4G
• 5G has significantly lower latency than 4G
• 5G is a unified platform that is more capable than 4G
• 5G uses spectrum better than 4G

Refer: Improvisation of UPSC CSE 2019 (Q-5 ;set D)