DAY – 36 ( INSTA REVISION TEST)INSTA REVISION PLAN 2.0, 2020

Solution: A

International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an independent judicial body established by the UNCLOS to adjudicate disputes arising out of the interpretation and application of the UNCLOS Convention.

HQ – Hamburg, Germany.

The Tribunal is open to States Parties to the Convention.

It is also open to entities other than States Parties, i.e., States or intergovernmental organisations which are not parties to the Convention and to state enterprises and private entities.

Dr. Neeru Chadha has become the first Indian woman to be elected as a judge at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Seas (ITLOS).

Solution: A

• Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)
• Chikungunya
• Dengue
• Cytomegalovirus
• HIV/AIDS
• Hookworm infection
• Leishmaniasis
• Malaria
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus
• Schistosomiasis

Six of these infections belong to a category known as neglected tropical diseases, or “NTDs,” which disproportionately affect the poorest people living in resource poor countries. For us, what stands out is that our group is developing vaccines for four of these diseases.

The Hepatitis A vaccine was developed in 1995 and since then has cut the number of cases dramatically in the United States. Hepatitis A is a contagious liver disease and is transmitted through person-to-person contact or through contaminated food and water.

Additional Reference: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/19/health/vaccines-poverty.html

Solution: C

What is OPEC?

• The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)was founded in Baghdad, Iraq, with the signing of an agreement in September 1960 by five countries namely Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. They were to become the Founder Members of the Organization.
• It is a permanent, intergovernmental organization.
• Currently, the Organization has a total of 14 Member Countries.

What is the Opec+?

• Opec+refers to the alliance of crude producers, who have been undertaking corrections in supply in the oil markets since 2017.
• OPEC plus countries include Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brunei, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mexico, Oman, Russia, South Sudan and Sudan.
• What are their goals?
• The Opec and non-Opec producers first formed the alliance at a historic meeting in Algiers in 2016.
• The aim was to undertake production restrictions to help resuscitate a flailing market.

https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/03/10/what-is-the-opec/

Solution: C

The World Happiness Report ranks 156 countries by how happy their citizens perceive themselves to be. The rankings are based on polling (Gallup World Poll) which looks at six variables: GDP per capita, social support, healthy life expectancy, freedom, generosity, and absence of corruption.

Finland is ranked as the world’s happiest nation for the third consecutive year.

India, previously ranked at 140 dropped to 144. Its rank is way lower than its neighbours. Nepal is ranked 92, Pakistan is at 66, Bangladesh at 107 and Sri Lanka at 130.

The Sustainable Development Solutions Network for the United Nations released the World Happiness Report.

https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/world/finland-is-worlds-happiest-country-for-third-time-in-a-row/article31120412.ece

Solution: C

The Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 was introduced by the British
to tackle the epidemic of bubonic plague that broke out in the then state of Bombay.

In a cabinet secretary meeting, it has been decided that states and Union Territories should
invoke provisions of Section 2 of the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897.

Health is a State subject, but by invoking Section 2 of the Epidemic Diseases Act, advisories and
directions of the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare will be enforceable.

Section 2A of the Act empowers the central government to take steps to prevent the spread of an epidemic. Health is a State subject, but by invoking Section 2 of the Epidemic Diseases Act, advisories and directions of the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare will be enforceable.

It allows the government to inspect any ship arriving or leaving any post and the power to detain any person intending to sail or arriving in the country. Section 4 gives legal protection to the implementing officers acting under the Act.

https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/battling-covid-19-with-a-colonial-era-law/article31195144.ece

Solution: B

India has remained “steadfast” in its support for Palestinian rights and has consistently voted in favour of Palestine at the United Nations on “15 key resolutions” said members of a key UN body, who called for New Delhi to play an “enhanced” role in the search for a solution to the Israel-Palestine conflict.

https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/no-dilution-in-indias-support-to-palestinian-cause-un-committee-on-palestine/article30983836.ece

Solution: C

National Career Service (NCS) aims to bridge the gap between those who need jobs and those who want to hire them, between people seeking career guidance and training and those who can provide the counselling and training. NCS brings jobseekers, employers, counselors, trainers and placement organisations together on one platform by offering convergence of information that enlightens minds and empowers people.

National Career Service aims at reaching out to people across the country, in particular the youth, through a well-designed structure that comprises an ICT-based portal, a countrywide set-up of career centres, a multilingual call centre, and a network of career counsellors.

Solution: C

COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund is a global fund for supporting the work of the World Health Organization (WHO) in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. It was launched on March 13, 2020 by the Director General of WHO in Geneva, Switzerland. The purpose of the response fund is to “support WHO’s work to track and understand the spread of the virus; to ensure patients get the care they need and frontline workers get essential supplies and information; and to accelerate efforts to develop vaccines, tests, and treatments.

Solution: D

HR745: U.S. House resolution on Kashmir. This resolution recognizes the security challenges faced by India in Jammu and Kashmir. The resolution urges India to employ certain measures to uphold human rights and refrain from the use of violence against minority groups, protestors, and detainees.

Solution: D

National Creche Scheme:

• The Scheme is being implemented by the Ministry of Women and Child Development.
• It is a centrally sponsored scheme.
• It aims at providing a safe place for mothers to leave their children while they are at work, and thus, is a measure for empowering women as it enables them to take up employment.
• Coverage: It is an intervention towards protection and development of children in the age group of 6 months to 6 years.

Features:

• Provides for day care facilities to the children of working mothers.
• Provides supplementary nutrition, health care inputs like immunization, polio drops, basic health monitoring, sleeping facilities, early stimulation (for children below 3 years), pre-school education for children aged between 3-6 yrs.

Solution: B

Udyam Sakhi Portal:

• The Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) has launched a portal for women entrepreneurs of India.
• The portal is a network for nurturing entrepreneurship and creating business models for low cost products and services in order to empower women and make them self-reliant and self-sufficient.

The portal provides assistance through its platform for entrepreneurship learning tools, incubation facility, training programs for fund raising, providing mentors, one-on-one investor meet, provide market survey facility and technical assistance.

Solution: C

PM- CARES fund:

• PM- CARES fund stands for Prime Minister’s Citizen Assistance and Relief in Emergency Situations Fund.
• It is a public charitable trust.
• Contributions by corporates to this fund will be considered as social welfare spending under the company’s law.
• It will be an emergency situation fund. This Fund will also cater to similar distressing situations, if they occur in the times ahead.
• The prime minister is the chairman of the new public charitable trust, its members include the defence minister, home minister and the finance minister.
• The donations will be tax exempt and fall under corporate social responsibility.
• PM-CARES is different from the Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund (PMNRF).

Solution: D

The Gender Parity Index is a socioeconomic index usually designed to measure the relative access to education of males and females. This index is released by UNESCO. In its simplest form, it is calculated as the quotient of the number of females by the number of males enrolled in a given stage of education.

Solution: C

Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA)

• Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) is a statutory body of Ministry of Women & Child Development, Government of India.
• It is established under Juvenile Justice Act, 2015.
• It functions as the nodal body for adoption of Indian children and is mandated to monitor and regulate in-country and inter-country adoptions.
• CARA is designated as the Central Authority to deal with inter-country adoptionsin accordance with the provisions of the Hague Convention on Inter-country Adoption, 1993, ratified by Government of India in 2003.
• CARA primarily deals with adoption of orphan, abandoned and surrendered children through its associated /recognised adoption agencies.
• CARA is also mandated to frame regulations on adoption-related matters from time to time as per Section 68 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.

Solution: C

Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) was launched by Hon’ble Union Minister of Health & Family Welfare in November 2004 for a period upto March 2010. The project was restructured and extended up to March 2012. The project continues in the 12^th Plan with domestic budget as Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme under NHM for all States with Budgetary allocation of 640 Cr.

It is assisted by the World Bank.

Objectives:

To strengthen/maintain decentralized laboratory based IT enabled disease surveillance system for epidemic prone diseases to monitor disease trends and to detect and respond to outbreaks in early rising phase through trained Rapid Response Team (RRTs)