INSIGHTS STATIC QUIZ 2019
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
As Earth’s climate warms, the permafrost is thawing. Thawing permafrost can have impact on our planet like
- Thawing permafrost can destroy houses, roads and other infrastructure built on permafrost.
- Microbes begin decomposing the plant material in the soil called organic carbon.
- It could make humans and animals very sick.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: d)
As Earth’s climate warms, the permafrost is thawing. That means the ice inside the permafrost melts, leaving behind water and soil.
Thawing permafrost can have dramatic impacts on our planet and the things living on it. For example:
Many northern villages are built on permafrost. When permafrost is frozen, it’s harder than concrete. However, thawing permafrost can destroy houses, roads and other infrastructure.
When permafrost is frozen, plant material in the soil—called organic carbon—can’t decompose, or rot away. As permafrost thaws, microbes begin decomposing this material. This process releases greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere.
When permafrost thaws, so do ancient bacteria and viruses in the ice and soil. These newly-unfrozen microbes could make humans and animals very sick. Scientists have discovered microbes more than 400,000 years old in thawed permafrost.
Incorrect
Solution: d)
As Earth’s climate warms, the permafrost is thawing. That means the ice inside the permafrost melts, leaving behind water and soil.
Thawing permafrost can have dramatic impacts on our planet and the things living on it. For example:
Many northern villages are built on permafrost. When permafrost is frozen, it’s harder than concrete. However, thawing permafrost can destroy houses, roads and other infrastructure.
When permafrost is frozen, plant material in the soil—called organic carbon—can’t decompose, or rot away. As permafrost thaws, microbes begin decomposing this material. This process releases greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere.
When permafrost thaws, so do ancient bacteria and viruses in the ice and soil. These newly-unfrozen microbes could make humans and animals very sick. Scientists have discovered microbes more than 400,000 years old in thawed permafrost.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Which of the following adaptations help mangrove plants to cope with their dynamic and harsh ecosystem?
- Vivipary
- Stilt roots
- Pneumatophores
Select the correct answer code:
Correct
Solution: d)
Mangrove environment is highly dynamic and harsh and mangrove species are variously adapted to cope with these environmental conditions.
Breathing roots: Underground tissue of any plant requires oxygen for respiration and in mangrove environment, oxygen in soil is very limited or nil. This necessitates mangrove root system to take up oxygen from the atmosphere. For this purpose, mangrove species have specialized above ground roots called breathing roots or pneumatophores. These roots have numerous pores through which oxygen enters into the underground tissues. In some plants buttress roots function as breathing roots and also provide mechanical support to the tree.
Silt roots: In some mangrove species, roots diverge from stems and branches and penetrate the soil some distance away from the main stem as in the case of banyan trees. Because of their appearance and because they provide the main physical support to these they are called as stilt roots. These roots also have many pores through which atmospheric oxygen enters into the roots.
Vivipary: Saline water, unconsolidated saline soil with little or no oxygen is not a conducive environment for seeds to germinate and establish. To overcome this, mangrove species have unique way of reproduction, which is generally known as vivipary. In this method of reproduction, seeds germinate and develop into seedlings while the seeds are still attached to the parent tree. These seedlings are normally called as propagules and they photosynthesize while still attached to the mother tree. The parent tree supplies water and necessary nutrients. They are buoyant and float in the water for some time before rooting themselves on suitable soil.
Incorrect
Solution: d)
Mangrove environment is highly dynamic and harsh and mangrove species are variously adapted to cope with these environmental conditions.
Breathing roots: Underground tissue of any plant requires oxygen for respiration and in mangrove environment, oxygen in soil is very limited or nil. This necessitates mangrove root system to take up oxygen from the atmosphere. For this purpose, mangrove species have specialized above ground roots called breathing roots or pneumatophores. These roots have numerous pores through which oxygen enters into the underground tissues. In some plants buttress roots function as breathing roots and also provide mechanical support to the tree.
Silt roots: In some mangrove species, roots diverge from stems and branches and penetrate the soil some distance away from the main stem as in the case of banyan trees. Because of their appearance and because they provide the main physical support to these they are called as stilt roots. These roots also have many pores through which atmospheric oxygen enters into the roots.
Vivipary: Saline water, unconsolidated saline soil with little or no oxygen is not a conducive environment for seeds to germinate and establish. To overcome this, mangrove species have unique way of reproduction, which is generally known as vivipary. In this method of reproduction, seeds germinate and develop into seedlings while the seeds are still attached to the parent tree. These seedlings are normally called as propagules and they photosynthesize while still attached to the mother tree. The parent tree supplies water and necessary nutrients. They are buoyant and float in the water for some time before rooting themselves on suitable soil.
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Question 3 of 5
3. Question
In what ways do naturally-occurring wildfires play an integral role in nature?
- They help return nutrients to the soil
- They act as a disinfectant
- They allow sunlight to reach the forest floor, enabling a new generation of seedlings to grow
Select the correct answer code:
Correct
Solution: c)
“Although often harmful and destructive to humans, naturally occurring wildfires play an integral role in nature. They return nutrients to the soil by burning dead or decaying matter. They also act as a disinfectant, removing disease-ridden plants and harmful insects from a forest ecosystem. And by burning through thick canopies and brushy undergrowth, wildfires allow sunlight to reach the forest floor, enabling a new generation of seedlings to grow.”
Incorrect
Solution: c)
“Although often harmful and destructive to humans, naturally occurring wildfires play an integral role in nature. They return nutrients to the soil by burning dead or decaying matter. They also act as a disinfectant, removing disease-ridden plants and harmful insects from a forest ecosystem. And by burning through thick canopies and brushy undergrowth, wildfires allow sunlight to reach the forest floor, enabling a new generation of seedlings to grow.”
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
Mediterranean trees adapt themselves to dry summers with the help of their thick barks and wax coated leaves. These help them to
Correct
Solution: a)
Transpiration is the loss of water from the leaves through stomata.
This creates a suction pull in plants that creates demand for more water from the roots.
If transpiration is high due to large area of large pores of the leaves, water demand for the plant is likely to be high, which would not work for a climate like Mediterranean. So, waxy leaves and thick barks reduce transpiration and thus water need.
Incorrect
Solution: a)
Transpiration is the loss of water from the leaves through stomata.
This creates a suction pull in plants that creates demand for more water from the roots.
If transpiration is high due to large area of large pores of the leaves, water demand for the plant is likely to be high, which would not work for a climate like Mediterranean. So, waxy leaves and thick barks reduce transpiration and thus water need.
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Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Which of the following are the sources of arsenic contamination.
- Weathering of rocks and minerals followed by leaching and runoff.
- Intense exploitation of groundwater
- Iron coprecipitation
- Burning of coal
Select the correct answer code:
Correct
Solution: b)
The sources of arsenic are natural or may partly stem from anthropogenic activities like intense exploitation of groundwater, application of fertilizers, burning of coal and leaching of metals from coal-ash tailings.
Arsenic is introduced into soil and groundwater during weathering of rocks and minerals followed by subsequent leaching and runoff.
Among the various arsenic removal technologies, lime softening and iron coprecipitation have been reported to be the most effective.
Incorrect
Solution: b)
The sources of arsenic are natural or may partly stem from anthropogenic activities like intense exploitation of groundwater, application of fertilizers, burning of coal and leaching of metals from coal-ash tailings.
Arsenic is introduced into soil and groundwater during weathering of rocks and minerals followed by subsequent leaching and runoff.
Among the various arsenic removal technologies, lime softening and iron coprecipitation have been reported to be the most effective.
