Introduction:
Centre banned the Jamaats-e-Islami J&K (JeI), houses of dozens of workers and leaders of the group have been sealed by authorities at several locations across the Kashmir valley. Magistrates issued orders of sealing all institutions and properties linked to the JeI. The home ministry, on 28 February, had declared the JeI an unlawful organisation for five years, and several of its workers were arrested. The centre said that the JeI was “in close touch” with terror groups and is likely to “escalate secessionist movement” in Jammu and Kashmir. The notification, banning the group under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, was issued by the home ministry after a high-level meeting on security, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, following the Pulwama terror attack in which 40 CRPF soldiers were martyred in a suicide bombing by Pakistan-based terror group Jaish-e-Mohammed. The two main political parties of the state – the People’s Democratic Party (PDP) and the National Conference (NC) criticized the centre’s move to ban the JeI.
Radicalization:
- Radicalization is a process by which an individual or group comes to adopt increasingly extreme political, social, or religious ideals and aspirations that reject or undermine the status quo or contemporary ideas and expressions of the nation.
- The outcomes of radicalization are shaped by the ideas of the society at large; for example, radicalism can originate from a broad social consensus against progressive changes in society or from a broad desire for change in society.
- Radicalization can be both violent and nonviolent, although most academic literature focuses on radicalization into violent extremism (RVE).
- There are multiple pathways that constitute the process of radicalization, which can be independent but are usually mutually reinforcing.
- Radicalization that occurs across multiple reinforcing pathways greatly increases a group’s resilience and lethality.
- Furthermore, by compromising its ability to blend in with non-radical society and participate in a modern, national economy, radicalization serves as a kind of sociological trap that gives individuals no other place to go to satisfy their material and spiritual needs
Types of Radicalisation:
- Right-Wing Extremism: It is characterized by the violent defence of a racial, ethnic or pseudo-national identity, and is also associated with radical hostility towards state authorities, minorities, immigrants and/or left-wing political groups. E.g.: Ku Klux clan in USA.
- Politico-Religious Extremism: It results from political interpretation of religion and the defence, by violent means, of a religious identity perceived to be under attack (via international conflicts, foreign policy, social debates, etc.). Any religion may spawn this type of violent radicalization. E.g.: ISIS using Islam as an alibi.
- Left-Wing Extremism: It focuses primarily on anti-capitalist demands and calls for the transformation of political systems considered responsible for producing social inequalities, and that may ultimately employ violent means to further its cause. It includes anarchist, Maoist, Trotskyist and Marxist-Leninist groups that use violence to advocate for their cause. E.g.: Naxalism in India.
- Internet Radicalization: Internet is used by terrorist as an effective tool for radicalisation and terror financing. Terror groups use the internet to advocate the use of violence to further a religious, ideological or political cause.
Steps needed to deal Radicalism in India:
- A consistent counter radical strategy is required to tackle radicalism.
- Institutions have to be strengthened: Educational and political institutions should be strengthened at ground level so that people of any state feel empowered. Also, enough number of job opportunities should be provided to people to decrease their chances of joining any radicalist organization.
- Central agencies like RAW,IB to play important role in covert operations to know the extremist propaganda and to inform the state special cell regarding the mechanism to regulate the actions of the radicalized youth.
- There should be sufficient evidence behind banning any organization. This is necessary to avoid court cases. Also, Intelligence Agencies, Law Enforcement Agencies and Judicial Courts need to act in unison on this matter.
- Once government identifies any radicalist organization, it needs to take hold of their physical and financial resources.
- Countering activities of radicalists. If hate can be taught, then love and social responsibilities toward people and the nation can also be taught. This is necessary to de-radicalize people.
- It needs to be ensured that people who been de-radicalized feel safe and secure in the country.
- The corner stone for radicalization is poverty, deprivation and isolation and lack of employment and standard education opportunities, these to be addressed by the government and policies to be formulated for inclusive participation and facilitation of all means for their development.
- Political executive plays an important role in drawing the youth into decision making and giving responsibility for the development of the community.
- Social media to be regulated when such info of such activities to be held and to draw a legalized guide lines to regulate in due means without contradicting the privacy of an individual.
Conclusion:
- Radicalisation is a danger to internal security and polarises the Indian society deepening the sectarian differences.
- Thus it is imperative to fight radicalisation on all fronts.
- Initiatives like UDAAN they must be inclusive in nature and drag youth from all sections ,Nehru yuva kendra to be given impetus in such areas to involve youth in all capacity ,cultural and sports activities so there are less chances for them to get influenced from such ideological goals.
