INSIGHTS STATIC QUIZ 2019
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
With reference to Bio-geo chemical cycles, which of the following are gaseous cycles:
Correct
Solution: d)
The circulation of elements or mineral nutrients from non-living to living and then back to non-living is called Bio-geo chemical cycling.
Based on the nature of the reservoir, there are two types of cycles namely gaseous and sedimentary cycles.
Gaseous Cycle – where the reservoir is the atmosphere or the hydrosphere
Example: Carbon cycle, Water cycle, Nitrogen cycle etc.
Sedimentary Cycle – where the reservoir is the earth’s crust
Example: Phosphorus cycle, Sulphur cycle etc.
Carbon cycle involves a continuous exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and organisms. Carbon from the atmosphere moves to green plants by the process of photosynthesis, and then to animals. By process of respiration and decomposition of dead organic matter it returns back to atmosphere.
Water or hydrologic cycle involves the continuous circulation of water in the Earth-atmosphere system which is driven by solar energy. Water on our planet is stored in major reservoirs like atmosphere, oceans, lakes, rivers, soils, glaciers, snowfields, and groundwater. Water moves from one reservoir to another by the processes of evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, deposition, runoff, infiltration, and groundwater flow.
Phosphorus occurs in large amounts as a mineral in phosphate rocks and enters the cycle from erosion and mining activities. The main storage for phosphorus is in the earth’s crust. Hence it is a sedimentary cycle.
Incorrect
Solution: d)
The circulation of elements or mineral nutrients from non-living to living and then back to non-living is called Bio-geo chemical cycling.
Based on the nature of the reservoir, there are two types of cycles namely gaseous and sedimentary cycles.
Gaseous Cycle – where the reservoir is the atmosphere or the hydrosphere
Example: Carbon cycle, Water cycle, Nitrogen cycle etc.
Sedimentary Cycle – where the reservoir is the earth’s crust
Example: Phosphorus cycle, Sulphur cycle etc.
Carbon cycle involves a continuous exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and organisms. Carbon from the atmosphere moves to green plants by the process of photosynthesis, and then to animals. By process of respiration and decomposition of dead organic matter it returns back to atmosphere.
Water or hydrologic cycle involves the continuous circulation of water in the Earth-atmosphere system which is driven by solar energy. Water on our planet is stored in major reservoirs like atmosphere, oceans, lakes, rivers, soils, glaciers, snowfields, and groundwater. Water moves from one reservoir to another by the processes of evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, deposition, runoff, infiltration, and groundwater flow.
Phosphorus occurs in large amounts as a mineral in phosphate rocks and enters the cycle from erosion and mining activities. The main storage for phosphorus is in the earth’s crust. Hence it is a sedimentary cycle.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Which of the following add/adds carbon dioxide to the carbon cycle on the planet Earth?
- Volcanic Eruptions
- Respiration
- Photosynthesis
- Decay of Organic Matter
Select the correct answer code:
Correct
Solution: c)
Volcanic eruptions emit water vapour and toxic gases into the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, hydrochloric acid and carbon monoxide
Breathing (or respiration, or ventilation) is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment, mostly by bringing in oxygen and flushing out carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis takes in the carbon dioxide produced by all breathing organisms and reintroduces oxygen into the atmosphere. Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms’ activities.
Decay of organic matter or putrefaction, process whereby heterotrophic organisms, including some bacteria, fungi, saprophytic plants, and lower animals, utilize the remains of once-living tissue as a source of nutrition. In the decomposition process, different products are released: carbon dioxide (CO2), energy, water, plant nutrients and re-synthesized organic carbon compounds.
Incorrect
Solution: c)
Volcanic eruptions emit water vapour and toxic gases into the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, hydrochloric acid and carbon monoxide
Breathing (or respiration, or ventilation) is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment, mostly by bringing in oxygen and flushing out carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis takes in the carbon dioxide produced by all breathing organisms and reintroduces oxygen into the atmosphere. Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms’ activities.
Decay of organic matter or putrefaction, process whereby heterotrophic organisms, including some bacteria, fungi, saprophytic plants, and lower animals, utilize the remains of once-living tissue as a source of nutrition. In the decomposition process, different products are released: carbon dioxide (CO2), energy, water, plant nutrients and re-synthesized organic carbon compounds.
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Question 3 of 5
3. Question
Phosphorus plays a central role in aquatic ecosystems and water quality. This is because
- Phosphorus cycle is largely atmospheric and easily dissolves in water from air.
- Phosphorus is responsible for excessive growth of rooted and free-floating microscopic plants in water bodies.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: b)
Phosphorus cycle is mainly terrestrial. The main storage for phosphorus is in the earth’s crust. On land phosphorus is usually found in the form of phosphates.
It occurs in large amounts as a mineral in phosphate rocks and enters the cycle from erosion and mining activities.
By the process of weathering and erosion phosphates enter rivers and streams that transport them to the ocean.
In the ocean once the phosphorus accumulates on continental shelves in the form of insoluble deposits.
After millions of years, the crustal plates rise from the sea floor and expose the phosphates on land.
After more time, weathering will release them from rock and the cycle’s geochemical phase begins again.
Statement 2: Being an important nutrient, phosphorous promotes eutrophication in lakes. Along with nitrogen related compounds it leads to undesirable situations like algal bloom.
Incorrect
Solution: b)
Phosphorus cycle is mainly terrestrial. The main storage for phosphorus is in the earth’s crust. On land phosphorus is usually found in the form of phosphates.
It occurs in large amounts as a mineral in phosphate rocks and enters the cycle from erosion and mining activities.
By the process of weathering and erosion phosphates enter rivers and streams that transport them to the ocean.
In the ocean once the phosphorus accumulates on continental shelves in the form of insoluble deposits.
After millions of years, the crustal plates rise from the sea floor and expose the phosphates on land.
After more time, weathering will release them from rock and the cycle’s geochemical phase begins again.
Statement 2: Being an important nutrient, phosphorous promotes eutrophication in lakes. Along with nitrogen related compounds it leads to undesirable situations like algal bloom.
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
With reference to ecological balance, consider the following statements:
- Ecological balance can happen when the diversity of the living organisms remains relatively stable.
- The stability of an ecosystem always increases with the introduction of new species.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: a)
Introduction of new species into the ecosystem often cause disruption in stability of ecosystem. For ex: Presence of alien species like lantana in tropical deciduous forest has resulted in frequent forest fires.
Incorrect
Solution: a)
Introduction of new species into the ecosystem often cause disruption in stability of ecosystem. For ex: Presence of alien species like lantana in tropical deciduous forest has resulted in frequent forest fires.
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Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Which of the following are the common characteristics of invasive species?
- Rapid reproduction and growth.
- High dispersal ability.
- Phenotypic plasticity.
Select the correct answer code:
Correct
Solution: d)
What are invasive animal species?
o Alien species become ‘invasive’ when they are introduced deliberately or accidentally outside their natural areas, where they out-compete the native species and upset the ecological balance.
o Invasive animal species pose a threat to biodiversity and human well-being.
o Common characteristics of invasive species include:
Rapid reproduction and growth,
High dispersal ability,
Phenotypic plasticity (ability to adapt physiologically to new conditions), and
Ability to survive on various food types and in a wide range of environmental conditions.
Incorrect
Solution: d)
What are invasive animal species?
o Alien species become ‘invasive’ when they are introduced deliberately or accidentally outside their natural areas, where they out-compete the native species and upset the ecological balance.
o Invasive animal species pose a threat to biodiversity and human well-being.
o Common characteristics of invasive species include:
Rapid reproduction and growth,
High dispersal ability,
Phenotypic plasticity (ability to adapt physiologically to new conditions), and
Ability to survive on various food types and in a wide range of environmental conditions.
