DAY – 35 (InstaTest-35): Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2020: Topic – Modern India, Subject-wise Test 3,4 & 16 Revision, Textbook based Test 27, February & March 2020 CA Revision

Solution: B

Sagittarius A or Sgr A is a complex radio source at the center of the Milky Way which contains a supermassive black hole. It is located in the constellation Sagittarius, and is hidden from view at optical wavelengths by large clouds of cosmic dust in the spiral arms of the Milky Way.

Kuiper Belt — a donut-shaped region of icy bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. There may be millions of these icy objects, collectively referred to as Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) or trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs), in this distant region of our solar system. It is extending from the orbit of Neptune to approximately 50 AU from the Sun.

https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/watch-all-about-black-holes/article29446293.ece

Solution: D

Anglo-Nepalese Relations

The Gorkhas wrested control of Nepal from the successors of Ranjit Malla of Bhatgaon in 1760. They began to expand their dominion beyond the mountains. They found it easier to expand in the southern direction, as the north was well defended by the Chinese. In 1801, the English annexed Gorakhpur which brought the Gorkhas’ boundary and the Company’s boundary together. The conflict started due to the Gorkhas’ capture of Butwal and Sheoraj in the period of Lord Hastings (1813-23). The war, ended in the Treaty of Sagauli, 1816 which was in favour of the British.

First Burma War (1824-26)

The first war with Burma was fought when the Burmese expansion westwards and occupation of Arakan and Manipur, and the threat to Assam and the Brahmaputra Valley led to continuous friction along the ill-defined border between Bengal and Burma, in the opening decades of the nineteenth century. The British expeditionary forces occupied Rangoon in May 1824 and reached within 72 km of the capital at Ava. Peace was established in 1826 with the Treaty of Yandabo.

Solution: D

Forward Policy of Auckland

Auckland who came to India as the governor-general in 1836, advocated a forward policy. This implied that the Company government in India itself had to take initiatives to protect the boundary of British India from a probable Russian attack.

This objective was to be achieved either through treaties with the neighbouring countries or by annexing them completely.

John Lawrence and the Policy of Masterly Inactivity

John Lawrence (1864-1869) started a policy of masterly inactivity which was a reaction to the disasters of the First Afghan War and an outcome of practical common sense and an intimate knowledge of the frontier problem and of Afghan passion for independence.

Lytton and the Policy of Proud Reserve

Lytton, a nominee of the Conservative government under Benjamin Disraeli (1874-80), became the Viceroy of India in 1876. He started a new foreign policy of ‘proud reserve’, which was aimed at having scientific frontiers and safeguarding ‘spheres of influence’. According to Lytton, the relations with Afghanistan could no longer be left ambiguous.

Solution: D

Karachi Congress Session—1931

In March 1931, a special session of the Congress was held at Karachi to endorse the Gandhi-Irwin Pact. Six days before the session (which was held on March 29) Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were executed. Throughout Gandhi’s route to Karachi, he was greeted with black flag demonstrations by the Punjab Naujawan Bharat Sabha, in protest against his failure to secure commutation of the death sentence for Bhagat and his comrades.

Congress Resolutions at Karachi

• While disapproving of and dissociating itself from political violence, the Congress admired the ‘bravery’ and ‘sacrifice’ of the three martyrs.
• The Delhi Pact or Gandhi-Irwin Pact was endorsed.
• The goal of purna swaraj was reiterated.
• Two resolutions were adopted—one on Fundamental

Rights and the other on National Economic Programme which made the session particularly memorable.

The Resolution on Fundamental Rights guaranteed—

* free speech and free press

* right to form associations

* right to assemble

* universal adult franchise

* equal legal rights irrespective of caste, creed and sex

* neutrality of state in religious matters

* free and compulsory primary education

* protection to culture, language, script of minorities and linguistic groups

Solution: B

Haripura

At the Congress meeting in Haripura, Gujarat, in February 1938, Bose was unanimously elected president of the session. He was firm in his belief that the Congress ministries in the provinces had immense revolutionary potential, as he said in his presidential address. Bose also talked of economic development of the country through planning and was

instrumental in setting up a National Planning Committee later.

The session adopted a resolution that the Congress would give moral support to those who were agitating against the governance in the princely states.

In the following months, the international situation was highly disturbed; there were clear signs that Europe was going to be embroiled in war.

National Planning Committee was set up under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru.

Faizpur 1936: was the session held in a village for the first time.

Solution: C

Nilgiri Tahr:

Recently, Nilgiri tahr’s population has increased from 568 in 2018 to 612 in 2019 in the Mukurthi National Park, Tamil Nadu.

• Nilgiri Tahr is also known as Nilgiri Ibex.
• State animal of Tamil Nadu
• Only species of Caprine ungulate that is found south of the Himalayas in India
• Habitat: Open montane grassland habitat of the South Western Ghats montane rain forests Eco region. Endemic to the Nilgiri Hills and the southern portion of the Western Ghats in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala in Southern India (ex: Anamalai Hills, Palni Hills)
• It has been listed as “Endangered” by IUCN.
• It has been listed under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 which provides absolute protection and offences under these are prescribed the highest penalties
• The Adult males of Nilgiri Tahr species develop a light grey area or “saddle” on their backs and are hence called “Saddlebacks”

Solution: A

Cornwallis (governor-general, 1786-93) was the first to bring into existence and organize the civil services. He tried to check corruption through—

• raising the civil servants’ salary,
• strict enforcement of rules against private trade,
• debarring civil servants from taking presents, bribes etc.,
• enforcing promotions through seniority.

The Aitchison Committee on Public Services (1886), set up by Dufferin, recommended—

• dropping of the terms ‘covenanted’ and ‘uncovenanted’;
• classification of the civil service into Imperial Indian Civil Service (examination in England), Provincial Civil Service (examination in India) and Subordinate Civil Service (examination in India); and,
• raising the age limit to 23.

Solution: C

The Hilton Young Commission was a Commission of Inquiry appointed in 1926 to look into the possible closer union of the British territories in East and Central Africa. These were individually economically underdeveloped, and it was suggested that some form of association would result both in cost savings and their more rapid development.

The MacDonnell Commission was the famine commission appointed by Lord Curzon, after a long period of 20 years, when Lord Lytton had tried to formulate the general principles of dealing with such famines.

Floud Commission a land revenue commission established by the government of Bengal in 1938

The Indian states committee appointed a committee under the Chairmanship of Sir Harcourt Butler which was popularly known as ‘the Butler Committee’ to investigate and clarify the relationship between the paramount power and the Princes of Princely States in AD 1927.

Extra Reading:

Famine Commissions

1866 : Campbell Commission

Viceroy : John Lawrence

1880 : Stratchy Commission (Famine Commission)

• Viceroy : Lytton
• Chairman : Richard Strachey
• Objective : Give relief famine sricken

1897 : Lyall Commission(Famine Commission)

• Viceroy : Elgin
• Chairman : James Lyall
• Objective : Suggestion to earlier report

1901 : Mac Donnell Commission (Famine Commission)

• Viceroy : Curzon
• Chairman : Anthony MacDonnel
• Objective : Investigate events of Bengal famine

Currency Commissions

1886 : Mansfield Commission

by Dufferin

1898 : Fowler Commission

by Elgin II

1919 : Babington Smith Commission

by Chelmsford

1926 : Hilton Young Commission

by Linlithgow

Other Commissions

1901 : Scott-Moncrieff Commission (Irrigation)

by Curzon

1902 : Fraser Commission (Police Reforms)

by Curzon

1919 : Hunter Commission (Punjab Disturbances)

by Chelmsford

1927 : Butler Commission (Indian States relation with British Crown)

by Irwin

1929 : Whitelay Commission (Labour)

by Irwin

1935 : Sapru Commission (Unemployment)

by Linlithgow

1939 : Chalfield Commission (Army)

by Linlighgow

1940 : Floud Commission (Bengal Land Revenue)

by Linlighgow

Solution: A

Mayo’s Resolution of 1870

Financial decentralization was a legislative devolution inaugurated by the Indian Councils Act of 1861. Apart from the annual grant from imperial Government, the provincial governments were authorized to resort to local taxation to balance their budgets. This was done in context of transfer of certain departments of administration, such as medical services, education and roads, to the control of provincial governments. This was the beginning of local finance. Mayo’s Resolution emphasized, “Local interest, supervision and care are necessary for success in the management of the funds devoted to education, sanitation, medical relief and local public works.”

Ripon’s Resolution of 1882

The Government of Ripon desired the provincial governments to apply in case of local bodies the same principle of financial decentralization which Lord Mayo’s Government had begun towards them. For his contributions, Lord Ripon is called father of local self-government in India.

Solution: B

Mt. Aconcagua:

Why in News?

• A 12-year old Mumbai student, Kaamya Karthikeyan has set a record of becoming the youngest in the world to summit Mt. Aconcagua.

About Mt. Aconcagua:

• It is the highest peak of the Andes Mountains in Argentina, South America.
• It is the highest mountain outside of Asia, with a summit elevation of 6,960.8 metres.
• The mountain is one of the so-called Seven Summits of the seven continents.
• It is Part of the Andes mountain range in South America.

Solution: C

National Organic food Festival

• It will be jointly organized by Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) and Ministry of Women and Child Development (Mo WCD).
• Theme of the festival is Unleashing India’s Organic Market Potential.
• The event will focus on facilitating business linkages and empowering women entrepreneurs through pre-arranged B2B and B2G meetings.
• It aims to strengthen the organic market and empower women entrepreneurs in the area of production and processing of organic products.
• Women Entrepreneurs and Self Help groups (SHG’s) from all over the country will be exhibiting their organic products in various segments such as fruit & vegetables, ready to eat products, spices and condiments, honey, cereals, dry fruits etc.

Solution: B

The Indian Factory Act, 1881 dealt primarily with the problem of child labour (between 7 and 12 years of age).

Its significant provisions were:

• employment of children under 7 years of age prohibited,
• working hours restricted to 9 hours per day for children,
• children to get four holidays in a month,
• hazardous machinery to be properly fenced off.

The Indian Factory Act, 1891

• increased the minimum age (from 7 to 9 years) and the maximum (from 12 to 14 years) for children,
• reduced maximum working hours for children to 7 hours a day,
• fixed maximum working hours for women at 11 hours per day with an one-and-a-half hour interval (working hours for men were left unregulated),
• provided weekly holiday for all.

Solution: A

The Siddi community is also known by different synonyms such as Habshi and Badsha. It is believed that they are of African origin because they clearly show the Negroid racial strain in their physical features. Descendants of Bantu people of East Africa, Siddi ancestors were largely brought to India as slaves by Arabs as early as the 7th Century, followed by the Portuguese and the British later on.

At present, the Siddis are living on the western coast of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka states. In Karnataka, they mainly live in Dharwad, Belagavi and Uttar Kannada districts.

In India, the Union government in 2003, classified Siddis under the list of Scheduled Tribes. They are included in the Centre’s list of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups

Solution: D

Dadabhai Naoroji, the ‘Grand Old Man of India’, who after a brilliant analysis of the colonial economy put forward the theory of economic drain in Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India. Other economic analysts included Justice Mahadeo Govind Ranade, Romesh Chandra Dutt (The Economic History of India), Gopal Krishna Gokhale, G. Subramaniya Iyer and Prithwishchandra Ray. The essence of nineteenth century colonialism, they said, lay in the transformation of India into a supplier of foodstuffs and raw-materials to the metropolis, a market for metropolitan manufacturers and a field for investment of British capital. These early nationalist analysts organised intellectual agitations and advocated a complete severance of India’s economic subservience to Britain and the development of an independent economy based on modern industries.

Solution: D

In 1883, Surendranath Banerjea became the first Indian journalist to be imprisoned. In an angry editorial in The Bengalee Banerjea had criticised a judge of Calcutta High Court for being insensitive to the religious sentiments

of Bengalis in one of his judgements.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak is most frequently associated with the nationalist fight for the freedom of press.

Indian Press Act, 1910 This Act revived the worst features of the VPA—local government was empowered to demand a security at registration from the printer/publisher and fortfeit/deregister if it was an offending newspaper, and the printer of a newspaper was required to submit two copies of each issue to local government free of charge.

Press Act of 1835 or Metcalfe Act

Metcalfe (governor-general—1835-36) repealed the

obnoxious 1823 ordinance and earned the epithet, “liberator of the Indian press”. The new Press Act (1835) required a printer/publisher to give a precise account of premises of a publication and cease functioning, if required by a similar declaration.

Solution: A

Lord Macaulay’s Minute (1835) advocated ‘downward filtration theory’.

Wood’s Despatch (1854)

In 1854, Charles Wood prepared a despatch on an educational system for India. Considered the “Magna Carta of English Education in India”, this document was the first comprehensive plan for the spread of education in India.

1. It asked the government of India to assume responsibility for education of the masses, thus repudiating the ‘downward filtration theory’, at least on paper.
2. It systematised the hierarchy from vernacular primary schools in villages at bottom, followed by Anglo-Vernacular High Schools and an affiliated college at the district level, and affiliating universities in the presidency towns of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.
3. It recommended English as the medium of instruction for higher studies and vernaculars at school level.
4. It laid stress on female and vocational education, and on teachers’ training.
5. It laid down that the education imparted in government institutions should be secular.
6. It recommended a system of grants-in-aid to encourage private enterprise.

Solution: A

Saddler University Commission (1917-19)

The commission was set up to study and report on problems of Calcutta University but its recommendations were applicable more or less to other universities also. It reviewed the entire field from school education to university education. It held the view that, for the improvement of university education, improvement of secondary education was a necessary pre-condition.

In 1902, Raleigh Commission was set up to go into conditions and prospects of universities in India and to suggest measures for improvement in their constitution and working. The commission precluded from reporting on primary or secondary education. Based on its recommendations, the Indian Universities Act was passed in 1904.

Solution: D

Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) is a statutory body of Ministry of Women & Child Development established under Juvenile Justice Act, 2015.

CARA functions as a nodal body for adoption of Indian children and is mandated to monitor and regulate in-country and inter-country adoption.

It is designated as the Central Authority to deal with inter-country adoptions in accordance with the provisions of the Hague Conventions on Inter-Country Adoptions, 1993, ratified by Government of India in 2003.

CARA primarily deals with adoption of orphan, abandoned and surrendered children through its associated /recognised adoption agencies

http://cara.nic.in/about/about_cara.html

Solution: A

The Union Government constituted the Island Development Agency on 1^st June, 2017 for the development of islands.

It aims to preserve the natural eco-system and addressing the security concerns.

It is non-statutory body. It is headed by Home Minister.

http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=168895

Solution: A

Bengal Gazette was started by James Augustus Hicky in 1780, Calcutta.

India Gazette was started in 1787. Henry Louis Vivian Derozio was associated with it.

The India Gazette; or, Calcutta Public Advertiser was an English language weekly newspaper published in Kolkata (then Calcutta), the capital of British India. It was the second newspaper printed in India. Founded by Bernard Messink and Peter Reed, two East India Company employees, the paper was a strong supporter of the administration of the Governor General Warren Hastings, and a rival to India’s first newspaper Hicky’s Bengal Gazette.

Solution: B

Sambad Kaumudi (1821)(Bengali)-Ram Mohan Roy
Mirat-Ul-Akbar(1822)1st Journal in Persian)-Ram Mohan Roy
Banga duta-1822-A weekly in 4 languages.(English,Bengali, Persian,Hindi)Rajaram Mohan Roy, Dwaraka nath Tagore and others.
Jam-i-jahan numah(1822)1st news paper in Urdu- An English Firm

Indian Mirror-Early 1862-1st English Daily-Devendra Nath Tagore
Som Prakash-1858-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Bengalee-1862-Girish Chandra Gosh-Taken over by S.N.Benerjea in 1879.
Madras mail-1868-1st evening News paper.
Amrita Bazar Patrika-1868-(1st in Bengali later in English)Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh
Banga darshana-1873-Bankim chandra chaterjea.
Indina statesman-1875-(Later THE STATESMAN)Robert Knight.
The Hindu-1878-Veera Raghavachari, Subbha rao pandit and G.S.Aiyar
Tribune-1881-Dayal singh Majeetia
Kesari-1881-(Marati) B.G.Tilak
Maharatta-1881-(English)B.G.Tilak
Swadesha mitram—————-G.S.Aiyar
Paridasak-1886-Bipan chandrapal(Publisher)

New India (Weekly)-Bipin Chandra Pal
New India (Daily)-Annie Besant
Commonweal-Annie Besant
Yugantar-1906-Bhupendranath Datta and Barinder Kumar Ghosh
Sandhya-1906-Brahma Bandhav Upadhyaya
Indian Socialist-(from London)Shyamji Krishna Varma.
Bande mataram—Paris—Madam Bikaji Kama.

Solution: C

Solution: C

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) will issue periodic scores to assess the performance of the digital payments industry on key operating parameters such as rural penetration and innovation in existing modes and channels. RBI released Digital Payments Index (DPI), the ‘composite’ scoring system will allow both consumers and stakeholders to better gauge local area developments in infrastructure, access, demographic and acceptance related growth with reference to broader domestic and global standards in digital payments.

Solution: A

The term Yūnānī means, as the Perso-Arabic system of medicine was based on the teachings of the Greek physicians Hippocrates and Galen.

The term Unani (Greek) means Perso-Arabic system of medicine. It was introduced to India in 13th century with the establishment of Delhi Sultanate.

Unani system of medicine is the term for Perso-Arabic traditional medicine as practiced in Mughal India and in Muslim culture in South Asia and modern day Central Asia.

Solution: B

Solution: D

Total number of possible ways = 9C3 = 84 ways

Required at least one girl in the group of three = total possible ways – ways in which none is girl

None of the members in the group is girl = 6C3 = 20

Therefore, number of ways that at least one girl member = 84-20 = 64 ways

Solution: B

5 digit number possible = 5! = 120

To be divisible by 5, the last digit should be 5.

By fixing 5 at unit digit  we get 4 ! numbers = 24

Therefore, probability = 24/120 = 1/5

Solution: D

Sample size S = 50

Number of perfect square between 1 and 50 = 7

Probability = 7/50

Solution: B

The number of arrangement in which A and B are not together
= Total number of arrangement – Number of arrangement in which A and B are together
= 4! – 3! x 2! = 24 – 12 = 12

Correct Answer: D

Explanation:

The main idea of the passage is to promote the banking and non-banking financial services that do not exclude the common man.

Other options are just means to reach financial Inclusion.