DAY – 15(InstaTest-15): Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2020: Topic – Geography Revision, Full Length Mock Test, October – 2019 CA

Solution: B

South Asia Satellite GSAT-9 is a Geostationary Communication satellite launched by India. The primary objective of GSAT-9 is to provide various communication applications in Ku-band with coverage over South Asian countries.

India’s Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-F09) successfully launched the 2230 kg South |Asia Satellite (GSAT-9) into its planned Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).

The two solar arrays of GSAT-9 consisting of Ultra Triple Junction solar cells generate about 3500 Watts of electrical power. Sun and Earth sensors as well as gyroscopes provide orientation reference for the satellite. The Attitude and Orbit Control System (AOCS) of the satellite maintains it’s orientation with the help of momentum wheels, magnetic torquers and thrusters.

The satellite’s propulsion system consists of a Liquid Apogee Motor (LAM) and chemical thrusters using liquid propellants for initial orbit raising and station keeping. The satellite also carries plasma thrusters, assisting in station keeping.

It offers the services in different areas like tele-medicine, disaster management and banking.

India will set up five ground stations and more than 500 terminals in five neighboring countries – Bhutan, Nepal, Maldives, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

Pakistan did not join the project, stating that it was working on its own satellite, but did offer “monetary and technical support”. India rejected Pakistani offers, saying that it wanted the project to be a “gift” and multi-national collaboration would be time consuming.

https://www.isro.gov.in/update/05-may-2017/gslv-successfully-launches-south-asia-satellite

Solution: B

The Penganga, the Indravati, the Pranhita, and the Manjra are Godavari’s principal tributaries.

The Krishna is the second largest eastflowing Peninsular river which rises near Mahabaleshwar in Sahyadri. Its total length is 1,401 km. The Koyna, the Tungbhadra and the Bhima are its major tributaries.

Extra Learning :

About River Krishna:

Of the total catchment area of the Krishna, 27 per cent lies in Maharashtra, 44 per cent in Karnataka and 29 per cent in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.

Important Dams on River Krishna:

• Almatti Dam
• Basava Sagar Dam
• Nagarjuna Sagar Dam
• Srisailam Dam
• Jurala Dam
• Narayanpur Dam (downriver of Almatti Dam)
• Pulichitnthala Dam is under construction.
• Amar Dam

Other information:

There are famous religious places such as Narsobawadi and Audumber on the riverbanks close to Sangli.

The riverbanks are also famous for the International Kalachakra Festival, which was observed in front of the Dalai Lama in Amaravati. Amaravati served as the capital of the Satavahana kings who ruled South India for 400 years and a significant place for studying and gathering insights on Buddhism.

Solution: C

Why does Tamil Nadu coast remains dry during monsoon season. There are two factors responsible for it:

(i) The Tamil Nadu coast is situated parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch of southwest monsoon.

(ii) It lies in the rain shadow area of the Arabian Sea branch of the south-west monsoon.

Extra Learning:

Solution: D

If I am not registered as a voter in any Constituency, can I contest election?
Ans. No

For contesting an election as a candidate a person must be registered as a voter. Sec 4 (d) of Representation People Act, 1951 precludes a person from contesting unless he is an elector in any parliamentary constituency. Section 5 (c) of R. P. Act, 1951 has a similar provision for Assembly Constituencies.

If you are a registered voter in Delhi, you can contest an election to Lok Sabha from any constituency in the country except Assam, Lakshadweep and Sikkim, as per Section 4 (c), 4 (cc) and 4 (ccc) of the R. P. Act, 1951.

Can a person confined in jail vote in an election?
Ans. No

According to section 62(5) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, no person shall vote at any election if he is confined in a prison, whether under a sentence of imprisonment or transportation or otherwise, or is in the lawful custody of the police.

https://eci.gov.in/faqs/elections/contesting-for-elections/faqs-contesting-for-elections-r4/

Solution: C

The Four Pillars of Human Development:

Just as any building is supported by pillars, the idea of human development is supported by the concepts of equity, sustainability, productivity and empowerment.

Extra Learning:

Equity refers to making equal access to opportunities available to everybody. The opportunities available to people must be equal irrespective of their gender, race, income and in the Indian case, caste. Yet this is very often not the case and happens in almost every society. For example, in any country, it is interesting to see which group the most of the school
dropouts belong to. This should then lead to an understanding of the reasons for such ehavior. In India, a large number of women and persons
belonging to socially and economically backward groups drop out of school. This shows how the choices of these groups get limited by not having access to knowledge.

Sustainability means continuity in the availability of opportunities. To have
sustainable human development, each generation must have the same opportunities. All environmental, financial and human resources must be used keeping in mind the future. Misuse of any of these resources will
lead to fewer opportunities for future generations. A good example is about the importance of sending girls to school. If a community does not stress the importance of sending its girl children to school, many opportunities will be
lost to these young women when they grow up. Their career choices will be severely curtailed and this would affect other aspects of their lives. So each generation must ensure the availability of choices and opportunities to its future generations.
Productivity here means human labour productivity or productivity in terms of human work. Such productivity must be constantly enriched by building capabilities in people. Ultimately, it is people who are the real wealth of nations. Therefore, efforts to increase their knowledge, or provide better health facilities ultimately leads to better work efficiency.

Empowerment means to have the power to make choices. Such power comes from increasing freedom and capability. Good governance and people-oriented policies are required to empower people. The empowerment of socially and economically disadvantaged groups is of special importance.

Solution: A

Measuring Earthquakes

The earthquake events are scaled either according to the magnitude or intensity of the shock. The magnitude scale is known as the Richter scale. The magnitude relates to the energy released during the quake. The magnitude is expressed in numbers, 0-10.

The Richter magnitude scale is a scale of numbers used to tell the power (or magnitude) of earthquakes. Charles Richter developed the Richter Scale in 1935. His scale worked like a seismogram, measured by a particular type of seismometer at a distance of 100 kilometers (62 mi) from the earthquake.

The intensity scale is named after Mercalli, an Italian seismologist. The intensity scale takes into account the visible damage caused by the event. The range of intensity scale is from 1-12.

Extra Learning:

EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE:

Earthquake is a natural hazard. The following are the immediate hazardous effects of earthquake:
(i) Ground Shaking
(ii) Differential ground settlement
(iii) Land and mud slides
(iv) Soil liquefaction
(v) Ground lurching
(vi) Avalanches
(vii) Ground displacement
(viii) Floods from dam and levee failures
(ix) Fires
(x) Structural collapse
(xi) Falling objects
(xii) Tsunami
The first six listed above have some bearings upon landforms, while others may be considered the effects causing immediate concern to the life and properties of people in the region.

Solution: B

The Ashgabat agreement is a multimodal transport agreement between the governments of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Pakistan, India and Oman for creating an international transport and transit corridor facilitating transportation of goods between Central Asia and the Persian Gulf.

The agreement was originally signed by Iran, Oman, Qatar, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan on April 25, 2011. Qatar subsequently withdrew from the agreement in 2013, the same year Kazakhstan applied for membership, which was eventually approved in 2015. Pakistan has also joined the Agreement from November 2016. India formally joined in February 2018

The agreement came into force in April 2016. Ashgabat in Turkmenistan is the depository state for the agreement

Afghanistan has not acceded the Ashagabat agreement.

https://idsa.in/idsacomments/significance-of-india-joining-the-ashgabat-agreement_p-stobdan-120218

Solution: C

Plate tectonics

Since the advent of the concept of sea floor spreading, the interest in the problem of distribution of oceans and continents was revived. It was in 1967, McKenzie and Parker and also Morgan, independently collected the available ideas and came out with another concept termed Plate Tectonics. A tectonic plate (also called lithospheric plate) is a massive, irregularly-shaped slab of solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere.

Plates move horizontally over the asthenosphere as rigid units. The lithosphere includes the crust and top mantle with its thickness range varying between 5 and100 km in oceanic parts and about 200 km in the continental areas.

A plate may be referred to as the continental plate or oceanic plate depending on which of the two occupy a larger portion of the plate. Pacific plate is largely an oceanic plate whereas the Eurasian plate may be called a continental plate.

The theory of plate tectonics proposes that the earth’s lithosphere is divided into seven major and some minor plates. Young Fold Mountain ridges, trenches, and/or faults surround these major plates.

Extra Learning:

The major plates are as follows :
I Antarctica and the surrounding oceanic plate

II North American (with western Atlantic floor separated from the South American plate along the Caribbean islands) plate

III South American (with western Atlantic floor separated from the North American plate along the Caribbean islands) plate

IV Pacific plate
V India-Australia-New Zealand plate
VI Africa with the eastern Atlantic floor plate
VII Eurasia and the adjacent oceanic plate.

Some important minor plates are listed below:

(i) Cocos plate : Between Central America and Pacific plate
(ii) Nazca plate : Between South America and Pacific plate
(iii) Arabian plate : Mostly the Saudi Arabian landmass
(iv) Philippine plate: Between the Asiatic and Pacific plate

Solution: D

Mixed Farming

This form of agriculture is found in the highly developed parts of the world, e.g. North-western Europe, Eastern North America, parts of Eurasia and the temperate latitudes of Southern continents.

Mixed farms are moderate in size and usually the crops associated with it are wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize, fodder and root crops. Fodder crops are an important component of mixed farming. Crop rotation and intercropping play an important role in maintaining soil fertility. Equal emphasis is laid on crop cultivation and animal husbandry. Animals like cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry provide the main income along with crops.

Mixed farming is characterized by high capital expenditure on farm machinery and building, extensive use of chemical fertilizers and green manures and also by the skill and expertise of the farmers.

Solution: C

Fall Armyworm (FAW), or Spodoptera frugiperda, is an insect that is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas.

In the absence of natural control or good management, it can cause significant damage to crops. It prefers maize, but can feed on more than 80 additional species of crops, including rice, sorghum, millet, sugarcane, vegetable crops and cotton.

http://www.fao.org/fall-armyworm/en/

Solution: A

Solution: D

Laterite Soil

Laterite has been derived from the Latin word ‘Later’ which means brick. The laterite soils develop in areas with high temperature and high rainfall. These are the result of intense leaching due to tropical rains. With rain, lime and silica are leached away, and soils rich in iron oxide and aluminium compound are left behind. Humus content of the soil is removed fast by bacteria that thrives well in high temperature. These soils are poor in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate and calcium, while iron oxide and potash are in excess. Hence, laterites are not suitable for cultivation; however, application of manures and fertilisers are required for making the soils fertile for cultivation.

Red laterite soils in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala are more suitable for tree crops like cashewnut.

Laterite soils are widely cut as bricks for use in house construction. These soils have mainly developed in the higher areas of the Peninsular plateau. The laterite soils are commonly found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and the hilly areas of Odisha and Assam.

Extra Learning:

The National Bureau of Soil Survey and the Land Use Planning an Institute under the control of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
did a lot of studies on Indian soils.

In their effort to study soil and to make it comparable at the international level, the ICAR has classified the Indian soils on the basis of their nature and character as per the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Taxonomy.

On the basis of genesis, colour, composition and location, the soils of India
have been classified into:

(i) Alluvial soils
(ii) Black soils
(iii) Red and Yellow soils
(iv) Laterite soils
(v) Arid soils
(vi) Saline soils
(vii) Peaty soils
(viii) Forest soils

Solution: C

The Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) is a euryhaline species of oceanic dolphin found in discontinuous subpopulations near sea coasts and in estuaries and rivers in parts of the Bay of Bengal and Southeast Asia.

It is inhabiting in the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary and Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary. Its habitat range extends from the Bay of Bengal to New Guinea and the Philippines

It is an endangered species

The protection of the Irrawaddy dolphin is crucial for the overall health of the Mekong River—home to an estimated 1,100 species of fish. The Irrawaddy dolphin is also regarded as a sacred animal by both Khmer and Lao people, and is an important source of income and jobs for communities involved in dolphin-watching ecotourism.

https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/irrawaddy-dolphin

Solution: B

The wind blows from high pressure to low pressure. The wind at the surface experiences friction. In addition, rotation of the earth also affects the
wind movement. The force exerted by the rotation of the earth is known as the Coriolis force. Thus, the horizontal winds near the earth surface respond to the combined effect of three forces – the pressure gradient force,
the frictional force and the Coriolis force. In addition, the gravitational force acts downward.

Coriolis Force

The rotation of the earth about its axis affects the direction of the wind. This force is called the Coriolis force after the French physicist who described it in 1844. It deflects the wind to the right direction in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. The deflection is more when the wind velocity is high. The Coriolis force is directly proportional to the angle of latitude. It is maximum at the poles and is absent at the equator.

The Coriolis force acts perpendicular to the pressure gradient force. The pressure gradient force is perpendicular to an isobar. The higher the pressure gradient force, the more is the velocity of the wind and the larger is the deflection in the direction of wind. As a result of these two forces operating perpendicular to each other, in the low-pressure areas the wind blows around it. At the equator, the Coriolis force is zero and the wind blows perpendicular to the isobars. The low pressure gets filled instead of getting intensified. That is the reason why tropical cyclones are not formed near the equator.

Solution: D

The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve possesses different habitat types, unspoilt areas of natural vegetation types with several dry scrubs, dry and moist deciduous, semi-evergreen and wet evergreen forests, evergreen sholas, grasslands and swamps. It includes the largest known population of two endangered animal species, namely the Nilgiri Tahr and the Lion-tailed macaque. The largest south Indian population of elephant, tiger, gaur, sambar and chital as well as a good number of endemic and endangered plants are also found in this reserve. The habitat of a number of tribal groups remarkable for their traditional modes of harmonious use of the environment are also found here.

Extra Learning:

Biosphere reserves are sites established by countries and recognized under UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme to promote sustainable development based on local community efforts and sound science. The programme of Biosphere Reserve was initiated by UNESCO in 1971. The purpose of the formation of the biosphere reserve is to conserve in situ all forms of life, along with its support system, in its totality, so that it could serve as a referral system for monitoring and evaluating changes in natural ecosystems. The first biosphere reserve of the world was established in 1979, since then the network of biosphere reserves has increased to 631 in 119 countries across the world

Solution: D

Community policing scheme ‘Prahari’:

• Launched by Delhi Police.
• To prevent crime and maintain law and order in Delhi.
• Under this scheme, civil personnel such as chowkidars and security guards deployed in the commercial and VIP areas will act as the eyes and ears of the police.
• Significance: The move will help to bring professionalism in the work of security guards by giving them appropriate training and enabling frequent police-Prahari interaction and co-operation.

https://www.insightsonindia.com/2019/10/19/insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-19-october-2019/

Solution: B

Differences in the heating and cooling of earth surfaces and the cycles those develop daily or annually can create several common, local or regional winds.

Local winds

Solution: D

Tropical Deciduous forests are the most widespread forests in India.
They are also called the monsoon forests. They spread over regions which receive rainfall between 70-200 cm. On the basis of the availability of water, these forests are further divided into moist and dry deciduous.

The Moist deciduous forests are more pronounced in the regions which record rainfall between 100-200 cm. These forests are found in the northeastern states along the foothills of Himalayas, eastern slopes of the Western Ghats and Odisha. Teak, sal, shisham, hurra, mahua, amla, semul, kusum, and sandalwood etc. are the main species of these forests.

Extra Learning:

On the basis of certain common features such as predominant vegetation type and climatic regions, Indian forests can be divided into the following groups:

TYPES OF FORESTS:

(i) Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen forests
(ii) Tropical Deciduous forests
(iii) Tropical Thorn forests
(iv) Montane forests
(v) Littoral and Swamp forests.

Solution: B

Mount Kilimanjaro:

• Differently-abled man from Ernakulam district scales Mount Kilimanjaro.
• Mount Kilimanjaro is a dormant volcano in Tanzania.
• It is the highest mountain in Africa, with its summit about 4,900 metres (16,100 ft) from its base, and 5,895 metres (19,341 ft) above sea level.
• The first people known to have reached the summit of the mountain were Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller, in 1889.

https://www.insightsonindia.com/2019/10/18/insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-18-october-2019/

Solution: B

Nor Westers: These are dreaded evening thunderstorms in Bengal and Assam. Their notorious nature can be understood from the local nomenclature of ‘Kalbaisakhi’, a calamity of the month of Baisakh. These showers are useful for tea, jute and rice cultivation. In Assam, these storms are known as “Bardoli Chheerha”.

Extra Learning:

Some Famous Local Storms of Hot Weather Season:

(i) Mango Shower : Towards the end of summer, there are pre-monsoon
showers which are a common phenomenon in Kerala and coastal
areas of Karnataka. Locally, they are known as mango showers since
they help in the early ripening of mangoes.

(ii) Blossom Shower : With this shower, coffee flowers blossom in Kerala and nearby areas.

(iii) Loo : Hot, dry and oppressing winds blowing in the Northern plains from Punjab to Bihar with higher intensity between Delhi and Patna.

Solution: C

Extra Learning:

Bandar Abbas or Bandar-e ‘Abbās is a port city on the southern coast of Iran, on the Persian Gulf. The city occupies a strategic position on the narrow Strait of Hormuz, and it is the location of the main base of the Iranian Navy.

Aleppo is a city in Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most populous Syrian governorate. With an official population of 4.6 million in 2010, Aleppo was the largest Syrian city before the Syrian Civil War; however, it is now the second-largest city in Syria, after the capital Damascus.

Mosul is a major city in northern Iraq. Located approximately 400 km north of Baghdad, Mosul stands on the west bank of the Tigris, opposite the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh on the east bank. Mosul fell to IS in June 2014. The battle for Mosul was a huge military operation to recapture Iraq’s second largest city from so-called Islamic State (IS).

Manama, the modern capital of the Arabian Gulf island nation of Bahrain, has been at the center of major trade routes since antiquity.

Solution: C

To mark the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi on 2nd October as Rashtriya Swachhta Diwas, publicity vans were flagged off in Delhi, to generate awareness among the people about the OMCs’ initiative of converting Used Cooking Oil to Biodiesel. The publicity involves wide social media campaign to spread awareness and educate people about the ill effects of used cooking oil and ways to dispose it off for converting it to biodiesel.

Concerns associated with the consumption of used cooking oil (UCO):

During frying, several properties of oil are altered, Total Polar Compounds(TPC) are formed on repeated frying.

The toxicity of these compounds is associated with several diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, liver diseases.

Limit set by FSSAI:

FSSAI has fixed a limit for Total Polar Compounds at 25 percent beyond which the vegetable oil shall not be used.

What are Total Polar Compounds (TPC)?

• The level of TPC increases every time oil is re-heated.
• TPC accumulation in oil without food is slower than that in oil frying with food.

About RUCO:

• Launched by FSSAI.
• The initiative will enable collection and conversion of used cooking oil to bio-diesel.
• FSSAI wants businesses using more than 100 litres of oil for frying, to maintain a stock register and ensure that RUCO is handed over to only registered collecting agencies.

Potential and significance of the initiative:

• India has the potential to recover 220 crore litres of used cooking oil for the production of biodiesel by 2022 through a co-ordinated action.
• While biodiesel produced from used cooking oil is currently very small, but a robust ecosystem for conversion and collection is rapidly growing in India and will soon reach a sizable scale.

https://www.insightsonindia.com/2019/10/02/ruco-repurpose-used-cooking-oil-initiative-2/

Solution: D

Centre approves additional financial assistance of Rs.1813.75 crore from National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) to the State of Karnataka and Bihar.

Background:

The States of Karnataka and Bihar have apprised of the paucity of funds in the SDRF account, resulting in delay in providing relief assistance to the affected people and requested for release of advance additional financial assistance from NDRF.

About NDRF:

• Defined in Section 46 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 (DM Act).
• It is a fund managed by the Central Government for meeting the expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation due to any threatening disaster situation or disaster.
• Constituted to supplement the funds of the State Disaster Response Funds (SDRF) of the states to facilitate immediate relief in case of calamities of a severe nature.
• National Calamity Contingency Fund (NCCF) was renamed as National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) with the enactment of the Disaster Management Act in 2005.

What is it to be used for?

• NDRF amount can be spent only towards meeting the expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation.
• For projects exclusively for the purpose of mitigation, i.e, measures aimed at reducing the risk, impact or effect of a disaster or threatening disaster situation a separate fund called National Disaster Mitigation Fund has to be constituted.

Sources of Financing NDRF:

• Financed through the levy of a cess on certain items, chargeable to excise and customs duty, and approved annually through the Finance Bill.
• The requirement for funds beyond what is available under the NDRF is met through general budgetary resources.
• Currently, a National Calamity Contingency Duty (NCCD) is levied to finance the NDRF and additional budgetary support is provided as and when necessary.
• A provision also exists in the DM Act to encourage any person or institution to make a contribution to the NDRF.

 Key features of NDRF:

• Located in the “Public Accounts” of Government of India under “Reserve Funds not bearing interest“.
• Monitoring: Department of Agriculture and Cooperation under Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) monitors relief activities for calamities associated with drought, hailstorms, pest attacks and cold wave /frost while rest of the natural calamities are monitored by Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).
• Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) audits the accounts of NDRF.

https://www.insightsonindia.com/2019/10/05/national-disaster-response-fund-ndrf/

Solution: A

The air with distinctive characteristics in terms of temperature and humidity is called an airmass. It is defined as a large body of air having little horizontal variation in temperature and moisture. The homogenous surfaces, over which air masses form, are called the source regions.

When the cold air moves towards the warm air mass, its contact zone is called the cold front, whereas if the warm air mass moves towards the cold air mass, the contact zone is a warm front. If an air mass is fully lifted above the land surface, it is called the occluded front. The fronts occur in middle latitudes and are characterized by steep gradient in temperature and pressure. They bring abrupt changes in temperature and cause the air to rise to form clouds and cause precipitation.

Solution: C

Yielding to the protests against the Supreme Court-directed demolition of a Guru Ravidas temple in south Delhi, the Centre has agreed to allot the same site to the devotees to construct a new temple.

Who is Guru Ravidas?

• He was a poet and saint of the Bhakti movement.
• Born in Varanasi to the ‘untouchable’ leather tanners caste.
• He is believed to be a disciple of the bhakti saint-poet Ramanandaand a contemporary of the bhakti saint-poet Kabir.
• One of his famous disciples was the saint, Mirabai.
• Ravidas’ devotional songs were included in the Sikh scriptures, Guru Granth Sahib.
• The Panch Vani text of the Dadupanthi tradition within Hinduism also includes numerous poems of Ravidas.
• Ravidas taught removal of social divisions of caste and gender, and promoted unity in the pursuit of personal spiritual freedoms.
• Among Ravidas’s moral and intellectual achievements were the conception of “Begampura”, a city that knows no sorrow; and a society where caste and class have ceased to matter.

https://www.insightsonindia.com/2019/10/19/guru-ravidas-2/

Solution: D

Since profit is divided among A and B is 2:3, their investment also remains in the same ratio 2:3.

Let amount invested by B be x.

Then, 40000/x = 2/3

Or x= 60000

Solution: A

Since, Ramya invested for 8 months and Sheela invested for 10 months,

Ratio of their shares = (35000 * 8 ) : (42000 * 10) = 2 : 3.

Ramya’s share Rs. 31570 * (2 / 5) = Rs. 12628.

Solution: D

Purchase price = Rs ( 8748/(1- 10/100)³ = Rs. [8748 * (10/9) * (10/9 )* (10/9)] = Rs.12000

Solution: B

Let the original number be x.

If number is decreased by 10% and then increased by 10%, then

Final number obtained = 110% of (90% of x)

=(110/100 * 90/100 * x)

= (99/100)x.

By the given data, number so obtained is 10 less than the original number,

Therefore  x- (99/100)x=10

Or  x =1000

Solution: C.

The passage states that the poor are not bound in a strict sense to the government because of their lack of voice in the government. Hence C is the correct answer.