QUIZ – 2020: INSIGHTS STATIC QUIZ, 07 January 2020 – Environment

Solution: d)

The energy required for the life within the biosphere usually comes from the sun. But, Chemosynthetic bacteria are organisms that use inorganic molecules as a source of energy and convert them into organic substances. They do not need sunlight for their survival.

Chemosynthetic bacteria, unlike plants, obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic molecules, rather than photosynthesis. Chemosynthetic bacteria use inorganic molecules, such as ammonia, molecular hydrogen, sulfur, hydrogen sulfide and ferrous iron to produce the organic compounds needed for their subsistence.

Most chemosynthetic bacteria live in environments where sunlight is unable to penetrate and which are considered inhospitable to most known organisms.

Ecotone is a zone of junction between two or more diverse ecosystems. For e.g. the mangrove forests represent an ecotone between marine and terrestrial ecosystem. It may be very narrow or quite wide, but not larger than a biome which is a much larger entity. Well-developed ecotones contain some organisms which are entirely different from that of the adjoining communities.

Solution: a)

When you study the composition of living organisms, carbon constitutes 49 per cent of dry weight of organisms and is next only to water. If we look at the total quantity of global carbon, we find that 71 per cent carbon is found dissolved in oceans. This oceanic reservoir regulates the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Solution: d)

A considerable amount of carbon returns to the atmosphere as CO2 through respiratory activities of the

producers and consumers. Decomposers also contribute substantially to CO2 pool by their processing of waste materials and dead organic matter of land or oceans. Some amount of the fixed carbon is lost to sediments and removed from circulation. Burning of wood, forest fire and combustion of organic matter, fossil fuel, volcanic activity are additional sources for releasing CO2 in the atmosphere.

Human activities have significantly influenced the carbon cycle. Rapid deforestation and massive burning of fossil fuel for energy and transport have significantly increased the rate of release of carbon dioxide into the

atmosphere.

When you study the composition of living organisms, carbon constitutes 49 per cent of dry weight of organisms and is next only to water. If we look at the total quantity of global carbon, we find that 71 per cent carbon is found dissolved in oceans. This oceanic reservoir regulates the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Solution: a)

Biogas comprises primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and may have small amounts of Nitrogen, Hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide and oxygen.

Solution: c)

The Climate and Clean Air Coalition is a voluntary partnership of governments, intergovernmental organizations, businesses, scientific institutions and civil society organizations committed to improving air quality and protecting the climate through actions to reduce short-lived climate pollutants.

Global network currently includes over 120 state and non-state partners, and hundreds of local actors carrying out activities across economic sectors.

India is not a partner of it.

It focuses on short lived pollutants like methane, black carbon, HFC’s etc.