Insights Static Quiz -308, 2019–Polity

Solution: B

The Supreme Court is authorised to grant in its discretion special leave to
appeal from any judgement in any matter passed by any court or tribunal in
the country (except military tribunal and court martial). This provision
contains the four aspects as under:
1. It is a discretionary power and hence, cannot be claimed as a matter of
right.
2. It can be granted in any judgement whether final or interlocutory.
3. It may be related to any matter—constitutional, civil, criminal, income tax,
labour, revenue, advocates, etc.
4. It can be granted against any court or tribunal and not necessarily
against a high court (except a military court).

Solution: B

Article 1 describes India, that is, Bharat as a ‘Union of States’ rather than a
‘Federation of States’.

According to Dr B R Ambedkar, the phrase ‘Union of States’ has been preferred to ‘Federation of States’ for two reasons: one, the Indian Federation is not the result of an agreement among the states like the American Federation; and two, the states have no right to secede from the federation.

The federation is an Union because it is indestructible. The country is an integral whole and divided into different states only for the convenience of administration.

Solution: C

Solution: A

The Article 243-d provides for the reservation of seats for scheduled castes
and scheduled tribes in every panchayat (i.e., at all the three levels) in
proportion of their population to the total population in the panchayat area.
Further, the state legislature shall provide for the reservation of offices of
chairperson in the panchayat at the village or any other level for the SCs and
STs.

It provides for the reservation of not less than one-third of the total
number of seats for women (including the number of seats reserved for
women belonging the SCs and STs). Further, not less than one-third of the
total number of offices of chairpersons in the panchayats at each level shall
be reserved for women.

Solution: C

The Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008 has been enacted to provide for the
establishment of the Gram Nyayalayas at the grass roots level for the
purposes of providing access to justice to the citizens at their doorsteps
and to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any
citizen due to social, economic or other disabilities.
The Gram Nyayalaya shall be a mobile court and shall exercise the
powers of both Criminal and Civil Courts. The seat of the Gram Nyayalaya
will be located at the headquarters of the intermediate Panchayat, they will
go to villages, work there and dispose of the cases.

Appeal in criminal cases shall lie to the Court of Session, which shall be
heard and disposed of within a period of six months from the date of filing
of such appeal. Appeal in civil cases shall lie to the District Court, which
shall be heard and disposed of within a period of six months from the date
of filing of the appeal.

The Gram Nyayalaya shall try criminal cases, civil suits, claims or
disputes which are specified in the First Schedule and the Second
Schedule to the Act.

The Gram Nyayalaya shall not be bound by the rules of evidence
provided in the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 but shall be guided by the
principles of natural justice and subject to any rule made by the High
Court.