PRELIMS BOOSTERS – 2018: Olive Ridley Turtle and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) - INSIGHTS IAS

Olive Ridley Turtle

Vulnerable — IUCN Red list
Habitat — warm and tropical waters of primarily in the Pacific, Indian Ocean and Atlantic ocean.
Gets name from its olive colored carapace, which is heart-shaped and rounded
Arribadas — synchronized nesting in mass numbers,
Operation Olivia — Olive Ridely Turtle protection program undertaken byIndian Coast Guard
mating and breeding season — winter
mostly carnivorous, feeding on such creatures as jellyfish, snails, crabs, and shrimp. They will occasionally eat algae and seaweed
Threats

Poaching for their meat, shell and leather, and their eggs
Pet trading
Accidental killing of adult turtles through entanglement in trawl nets and gill nets due to uncontrolled fishing during their mating season around nesting beaches
Development and exploitation of nesting beaches for ports, and tourist centres
Predators like feral dogs and pigs, ghost crabs, snakes etc
Light pollution
Ingestion of marine debris that causes perforation of the digestive system and exposure to chemicals and hence death.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

2. Origin

Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) was founded in 1948 to help administer the Marshall Plan
In 1961, the OEEC was reformed into the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development by the Convention on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and membership was extended to non-European states
Intergovernmental economic organisation
Official United Nations observer
It works through consensusto develop policy recommendations and other “soft law” instruments to encourage policy reform in member countries

3. Membership

Current -35 members
India is not a member but key partner (The countries which are invited for annual ministerial conference. Other key partners are – Brazil, China, Indonesia and South Africa )
It is forum of countries describing themselves as committed to democracyand the market economy
Most OECD members are high-income economieswith a very high Human Development Index (HDI) and are regarded as developed countries
It provides a platform to compare policy experiences, seeking answers to common problems, identify good practices and coordinate domestic and international policies of its members.

4. Resources — funded by contributions from member states at varying rates

5. Governance

OECD Council — provide direction and guidance to the work of Organisation. Each member country is represented.
OECD Substantive Committees — oversee all the work on each theme (publications, task forces, conferences, and so on)
OECD Secretariat — led by the Secretary-General provides support to Standing and Substantive Committees

6. Special bodies and entities

International Transport Forum (ITF) (formally known as the European Conference of Ministers of Transport)
International Energy Agency
Nuclear Energy Agency
Partnership for Democratic Governance (PDG)
Trade Union Advisory Committee(TUAC)

7. PISA — Regular assessment of the performance of educational systems

8. Publications

OECD Economic survey of India
Government at a Glance
Education at a Glance
Agricultural Outlook 2017-2026 (in association with FAO)
Multilateral Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information (MCAA) — multilateral convention on administrative assistance in taxation matters
How migrants can contribute to developing countries economies
Employment Protection Index
Your Better Life Index

PRELIMS BOOSTERS – 2018: Olive Ridley Turtle and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)