Insights Prelims Revision 2017 Test – 39

Solution: d)

Women tend to have a lower mortality rate at every age. In the womb, male fetuses have a higher mortality rate (babies are conceived in a ratio estimated to be from 107 to 170 males to 100 females, but the ratio at birth in the United States is only 105 males to 100 females). Among the smallest premature babies (those under 2 pounds or 900 g) females again have a higher survival rate. At the other extreme, about 90% of individuals aged 110 are female.

Life expectancy is one of the factors in measuring the Human Development Index (HDI) of each nation, along with adult literacy, education, and standard of living.
Life expectancy is also used in describing the physical quality of life of an area.
Disparities in life expectancy are often cited as demonstrating the need for better medical care or increased social support.
Life expectancies are also used when determining the value of a life settlement, a life insurance policy sold for a cash asset.
The Glasgow effect refers to the unexplained poor health and low life expectancy of Glaswegians compared to the rest of the United Kingdom and Europe.

The Lindy Effect is a theory of the life expectancy of non-perishable things that posits for a certain class of non-perishables, like a technology or an idea, every additional day may imply a longer life expectancy

Solution: d)

Agro based industries use plant and animal based products as their raw materials. Food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products and leather industries are examples of agro-based industries

Solution (a)

The Governor has the power to recommend the dismissal of the State government and suspension or dissolution of State assembly. The Lok Sabha consists of elected representatives and also the President can nominate two members to the Lok Sabha from the Anglo-Indian Community. The Vice President should not be member of either House of the Parliament or State Legislature. 73rd and 74th amendments have created uniformity in the structures of Panchayati Raj and Nagarpalika institutions across the country.

Solution (d)

The Rajya Sabha can also initiate legislation. The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected (not nominated) by the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of various states.

Solution (c)

Integrated Judiciary means, the decisions made by higher courts ‘are’ binding on lower courts. By appellate system it means a person can appeal to a higher court if they believe that the judgement passed by the lower court is not just.

Solution: d)

These animals quickly swallow the grass and store it in a separate part of the stomach called rumen. Here the food gets partially digested and is called cud. But cud later the cud returns to the mouth in small lumps and the animal chews it. This process is called rumination and rumination these animals are called ruminants. Ruminants.

The grass is rich in cellulose, a type of carbohydrate. Many animals, including humans, cannot digest cellulose. Ruminants have a large sac-like structure between the small intestine and large intestine. The cellulose of the food is digested here by the action of certain bacteria which are not present in humans.

Solution (c)

Standing Committees not only supervise the work of various departments but also their budget, their expenditure and bills that come up in the house relating to the department. It is a permanent and regular committee which is constituted from time to time according to the provisions of an Act of Parliament or Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business. The work done by the Indian Parliament is not only voluminous but also of a complex nature, hence a good deal of its work is carried out in these Parliamentary Committees. There are two types of Parliamentary Committee, the Standing Committee and the Ad hoc Committee. Public Accounts Committee is an example of Standing Committee. Members of the Standing committees are selected from both Houses, except for Estimates Committee where all the members are from Lok Sabha Only.

Solution (d )

The members of the Constituent Assembly felt that the freedom struggle had prepared the masses for universal adult suffrage and this would help encourage a democratic mindset and break clutches of traditional caste, class and gender hierarchies. And since the people of India will have a direct role in electing their representatives , the people’s participation would also increase.

Solution: b)

Modern Methods of Irrigation

Modern methods of irrigation help us to use water economically. The main methods used are as follows:

(i) Sprinkler System: This system is more useful on the uneven land where sufficient water is not available. The perpendicular pipes, having rotating nozzles on top, are joined to the main pipeline at regular intervals. When water is allowed to flow through the main pipe under pressure with the help of a pump, it escapes from the rotating nozzles. It gets sprinkled on the crop as if it is raining. Sprinkler is very useful for sandy soil

(ii) Drip system : In this system, the water falls drop by drop just at the position of the roots. So it is called drip system. It is the best technique for watering fruit plants, gardens and trees. The system provides water to plants drop by drop. Water is not wasted at all. It is a boon in regions where availability of water is poor.

Solution (b)

The Judicial system provides a mechanism for resolving disputes between the citizens, between the citizen and the government, between two states and between the centre and state government. Every citizen of India can approach the Supreme Court(Article-32) or the High Court (Article- 226)if they believe that their Fundamental rights are violated.

Judiciary has the power to strike down any particular laws passed by the Parliament if it is in violation of the basic structure of the constitution.

Solution: C
In ecology, edge effects refer to the changes in population or community structures that occur at the boundary of two habitats. Areas with small habitat fragments exhibit especially pronounced edge effects that may extend throughout the range. As the edge effects increase, the boundary habitat allows for greater biodiversity

Solution: d

Solution (c)

The Constitution of India recognises the right to water as being a part of the Right to Life under Article 21, i.e., right of every person rich or poor to have sufficient amount of water to fulfil one’s daily needs at a price that he/she can afford. Healthcare, education, sanitation are nothing but one’s ‘basic needs’ which the Constitution recognises. However, striving towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity is a Fundamental duty of the individual

Solution d)
Article 22 grants protection to persons who are arrested or detained. According to the article, every person has a Fundamental Right to be defended by a lawyer.

Solution (c)

Parliament is the final authority for making laws in any country. This task of law making or legislation is so crucial that these assemblies are called legislatures. Parliaments all over the world can make new laws, change existing laws, or abolish existing laws and make new ones in their place.

Parliaments all over the world exercise some control over those who run the government. In some countries like India this control is direct and full. Those who run the government can take decisions only so long as they enjoy support of the Parliament.

Parliament is the highest forum of discussion and debate on public issues and national policy in any country. Parliament can seek information about any matter but it does not enjoy absolute power unlike Britain. The Parliament of India is bound by the provisions of the Constitution.

Solution (c )

The President appoints the Prime Minister, no direct election to the Prime Minister. But the President cannot appoint anyone she likes. The President appoints the leader of the majority party or the coalition of parties that commands a majority in the Lok Sabha, as Prime Minister. In case no single party or alliance gets a majority, the President appoints the person most likely to secure a majority support.

The Prime Minister does not have a fixed tenure. He continues in power so long as he remains the leader of the majority party or coalition. Sometimes, a person who is not a member of Parliament can also become a minister. But such a person has to get elected to one of the Houses of the Parliament within six months of appointment as minister.

When the Prime Minister quits, the entire ministry quits.

In recent years the rise of coalition politics has imposed certain constraints on the power of the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister of a coalition government cannot take decisions as he likes. He has to accommodate different groups and factions in his party as well as among alliance partners. He also has to heed to the views and positions of the coalition partners and other parties, on whose support the survival of the government depends.

Solution: b

Solution (a)

Our Constitution entitles every citizen to elect her/his representative and to be elected as a representative. The Constitution makers, however, were worried that in an open electoral competition, certain weaker sections may not stand a good chance to get elected to the Lok Sabha and the state Legislative Assemblies. They may not have the required resources, education and contacts to contest and win elections against others.

The system of reservation was extended to other weaker sections at the district and local level. In many states, seats in rural (panchayat) and urban (municipalities and corporations) local bodies are now reserved for Other Backward Classes (OBC) as well. However, the proportion of seats reserved varies from state to state. Similarly, one-third of the seats are reserved in rural and urban local bodies for women candidates. But not mandatory for disabled.

Solution: d.

Powers of Rajya Sabha: Considers and approves non money bills and suggests amendments to money bills. Approves constitutional amendments. Exercises control over executive by asking questions, introducing motions and resolutions. It can alone initiate the procedure for removal of Vice President. It can give the Union parliament power to make laws on matters included in the State list

Solution (d)

Judiciary has defined which aspects of the Constitution can be termed as the basic structure and which cannot. This theory found its first expression in the Kesavananda Bharati case and has been discussed in subsequent judgments. It has increased the powers of the judiciary and has come to be accepted by different political parties and the government. Though Federal system and social justice forms the basic structure of the Constitution, fundamental duties does not