Insights Secure – PRELIMS – Previous Year Questions, 28 July 2014

All are correct

Reducing the area of contact with the use of metallic balls

Iron

A B C D – 3 4 1 2

A B C D- 3 4 1 2

A B C D – 1 3 4 2

Blood circulation

Lies below the metacentre.

 A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A

http://www.importantindia.com/9227/hiuen-tsang/

A is incorrect but R is correct

The Dīn-i Ilāhī  was a syncreticreligion propounded by the Mughal emperor Akbar the Great in 1582 AD, intending to merge the best elements of the religions of his empire, and thereby reconcile the differences that divided his subjects. The elements were primarily drawn from Islam and Hinduism, but some others were also taken from Christianity,Jainism and Zoroastrianism.

Akbar promoted tolerance of other faiths. In fact, not only did he tolerate them, he encouraged debate on philosophical and religious issues. This led to the creation of the Ibādat Khāna (“House of Worship”) at Fatehpur Sikri in 1575. He had already repealed the Jizya (tax on non-Muslims) in 1568. A religious experience while hunting in 1578 further increased his interest in the religious traditions of his empire.^[3]

From the discussions he led at the Ibādat Khāna, Akbar concluded that no single religion could claim the monopoly of truth. This inspired him to create the Dīn-i Ilāhī in 1582. Various pious Muslims, among them the Qadi of Bengal and the seminal Sufi personality Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi, responded by declaring this to be blasphemy to Islam.

Dīn-i Ilāhī appears to have survived Akbar according to the Dabestān-e Mazāheb ofMubad Shah (Mohsin Fani). However, the movement never numbered more than 19 adherents.

Din-i-Ilahi prohibits lust, sensuality, slander and pride, considering them sins. Piety, prudence, abstinence and kindness are the core virtues. The soul is encouraged to purify itself through yearning of God. Celibacy is respected and the slaughter of animals is forbidden. There are neither sacred scriptures nor a priestly hierarchy in this religion.He increased the marriage minimum age for boys to 16 and girls to 14

Wheat

Their chief deities were Mother Goddess and Shiva

It should actually be proto-shiva. Otherwise the answer can be C too.From the seals, terracotta figurines and copper tablets we get an idea on the religious life of the Harappans. The chief male deity was Pasupati, (proto-Siva) represented in seals as sitting in a yogic posture with three faces and two horns. He is surrounded by four animals (elephant, tiger, rhino, and buffalo each facing a different

direction). Two deer appear on his feet. The chief female deity was the Mother Goddess represented in terracotta figurines. In latter times, Linga worship was prevalent. Trees and animals were also worshipped by the Harappans. They believed in ghosts and evil forces and used amulets as protection against them.

Kanishka

Weak successors of Ashoka who could not control the empire properly

(i) and (iii)

Protein synthesis

Decreases

Plebiscite to Muslims whether they should form a separate State

Islamic themes

Some facts about Mugal Cultural and religious developments:

• Architecture –
•  Indo+Turko-Iranian style
• Building in sand stone example Agra fort
• Climax at time of Sher shah
• Akbar started construction at large scale
• Fatehpur sikri – Gujrat and Bengal style added – i.e. deep caves, balconies and fanciful kiosks + Persian or Central Asian influence i.e. glazed blue tiles for decoration in the walls or tiling the roof
• From Jahangir’s time – practice of entire buildings in marble and decorating the walls with floral designs made of semi-precious stones. Called PIETRA DURA, it became more popular during Shah Jahan who used it in taj Mahal.
• Building amidst gardens and fountains
• Lofty gate, arches, tall slender minarets and domes
• Eve Golden temple Amritsar was built on the arch and dome principle and had some mughal influence.

Painting

• New themes depicting battle, court scenes and hunting scenes.
• It borrowed some from ancient Indian paintings which added to its richness.
• From Akbar’s time, the flat Persian style was replaced by Indian roundness style giving paintings a 3d effect. Richer Indian colours like peacock blue, Indian red began to be used.
• Climax under Jahangir. He added portrait painting and paintings of animals.
• Aurangjeb’s lack of interest led to dispersal of artists to other parts like Rajasthan and Punjab hills. This gave rise to new schools.
• Akbar accepted some borrowing from European style too.
• Rajsthani style of paintings – Western india themes or jain school of painting +Mughal styles. In addition to hunting scenes etc. it painted on mythological themes such as Radha Krishna dalliance; seasons and ragas. Pahari school continued these traditions.

All the Muslim States in the world used to pay tributes to him

KHALIFAH is an Arabic word literally meaning “one who replaces someone else who left or died” (English: caliph). In the context of Islam, however, the word acquires a narrower meaning. The Muslim Khalifa is the successor (in a line of successors) to Prophet Muhammad’s position as the political, military, and administrative leader of the Muslims. The prophetic role of Muhammad is strictly not included in this definition, as the Qur’an and Hadith clearly state that Muhammad was the last of the prophets. Khilafa is a related Arabic word which, in the context of Islam, is used to denote the government of the Muslim state, of which the Khalifa is the head. A workable analogy of Khalifa and Khilafa is president and presidency or king and monarchy. The Khilafa is a fard kifaya on the ummah.

KHILAFAH (Arabic) – is used to denote the government of the Muslim state, of which the Khalifa is the head. A workable analogy of Khalifah and Khilafah is president and presidency or king and monarchy. The Khilafah is a fard kifaaya on the UMMAH